Today, "Levant" is the term typically used by archaeologists and historians with reference to the history of the region. Scholars have adopted the term Levant to identify the region due to it being a "wider, yet relevant, cultural corpus" that does not have the "political overtones" of Syria-Palestine.
The Levant has been described as the "crossroads of western Asia, the eastern Mediterranean, and northeast Africa", and the "northwest of the Arabian plate". The populations of the Levant share not only the geographic position, but cuisine, some customs, and a very long history. They are often referred to as Levantines.
Reverse: Lion bringing down a bull left; 'Ayin yodh nun 'aleph lamedh mem lamedh kaph gimel beth lamedh
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.6 g
Reverse: SALVS REIPVLICAE, Victory seated right, holding shield with Chi-Rho inside on column
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: Victory seated right, inscribing christogram on shield set on cippus; SALVS REI_PVBLICAE / ANTΓ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.8 g
Reverse:
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: Eagle standing left on prow left, with palm branch over shoulder; to left, club surmounted by (TYP) monogram; to right, EΞP (date) above (ΓHP) monogram; AΛEΞANΔPOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.1 g
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Reverse: Zeus Nikephoros seated to left, holding sceptre; BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY to right, ΘEOΠATOPOΣ EYEPΓETOY to left, monogram in exergue
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 16.8 g
Ex Roma Numismatics Auction XXI (Day 1); Lot 303. Ex Leu Numismatik Auction 7; Lot 1366 and Auction 2; Lot 155
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Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, eagle with closed wings standing left, palm frond behind; ςΞP in left field, ΣΙΔΩ above aphlaston in right field
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 14.21 g
Ex Roma Numismatics Auction XXI (Day 1); Lot 304. Ex Kleinkunst Collection (Leu Numismatik Auction 6; Lot 276). Ex Dr. Busso Peus Nachfolger Auction 328 (2-4 May 1990); Lot 258.
Reverse: Young Dionysos holding kantharos and thyrsos standing left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / AΛEΞANΔPOY, ΔΠP / (?Π?)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7.18 g
Reverse: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated on throne, facing left, eagle in right hand, scepter in left, legs uncrossed; AP monogram in left field
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 16.26 g
The reverse inscription translates to: "of Alexander"
Price attributes this to the mint at Byblos and a time frame of 330-320 BC
Every CNG auction of this coin that I have found going back 10 years attributes the mint to Arados and the time frame to 325-323 BC making it a de facto lifetime issue, and says these were minted under authority of Menes who was Alexander's General and bodyguard. I assume this new info is attributed to a paper by Catharine Lorber but am not sure.
Reverse: Zeus seated left, holding eagle and scepter, bow to left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.9 g
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Reverse: ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟY, Bowcase at top, club underneath inscription, laurel branch below
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 4.06 g
Reverse: AΛEΞANΔPOY, Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; in left field, forepart of ram right; below throne, pellet between struts, ΔA below.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17.08 g
Reverse: Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned left, holding eagle and scepter, monogram; (MI) AΛEΞANΔPOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17.1 g
Reverse: AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ - Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned to left, holding sceptre; AΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ to right. Date in Phoenician script under left arm.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 17.15 g
Reverse: AΛEΞANΔΡOY - Zeus enthroned left, holding eagle and sceptre, Phoenician date under left under arm.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 16.88 g
Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔΡOY / BAI / MYI - Zeus seated left, holding eagle, BAI monogram in left field, MYI monogram beneath chair.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 16.8 g
Lifetime Issue.
Reverse: AΛEΞANΔΡOY - BAΣIΛEΩΣ / AP - Zeus seated left, holding eagle on extended arm, legs uncrossed, long caduceus in left field, AP city monogram beneath chair.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 17.04 g
Reverse: double cornucopia adorned with ribbons, pomegranate between horns
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: Seleucid anchor; BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.67 g
Reverse: Anchor in circle, BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.71 g
Reverse: Anchor in circle; BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.6 g
Reverse: Anchor within circle blundered barbaric imitation of Greek legend around
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.54 g
Reverse: double cornucopia adorned with ribbons, pomegranate between horns
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.4 g
Reverse: double cornucopia adorned with ribbons, pomegranate between horns
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.3 g
Reverse: Double cornucopia adorned with ribbons, pomegranate between horns
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.3 g
Reverse: Apollo standing left, holding patera and kithara; APOLLONI__SANCTO / B / SMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: Apollo standing left, holding patera and kithara; APOLLONI__SANCTO / I / SMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.9 g
Reverse: garlanded ligted altar; I / ET EϘP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: elephant right, club above, jawbone below BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY (ΘEM)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.1 g
Reverse: tripod, bow left, club right BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY (ΘEM)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7.2 g
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Reverse: Nike advancing left, holding wreath; anchor left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY, ΔI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.25 g
Reverse: Apollo Delphios, testing arrow in right hand, resting left hand on grounded bow, seated left on omphalos; monograms to outer left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.51 g
Reverse: Apollo seated left on omphalos, testing arrow and resting hand upon shield; ΔI in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.88 g
Reverse: Apollo seated on omphalos left, holding arrow and bow; aphlaston left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY / M
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.5 g
Reverse: veiled goddes facing, holding scepter; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.75 g
Reverse: head of elephant left; tripod right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY ?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.66 g
Reverse: Winged thunderbolt; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ Σ (TN) / *
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7.2 g
Reverse: Turreted Tyche standing left holding rudder and cornucopia, prora below BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Zeus seated left, holding Nike and leaning on scepter BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY, (ΠI) / EYΠATOPOΣ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.7 g
Reverse: Elephant left, torch in trunk, star right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // EΠIΦANOYΣ / ΔIONYΣOY, ΣTA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.5 g
Reverse: Headdress of Isis; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EYEPΓETOY, (Δ scepter) branch / EOP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.6 g
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Reverse: Headdress of Isis; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EYEPΓETOY, (Δ scepter) branch / EOP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.5 g
Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ / Nike advancing left, holding wreath in her right hand; to outer left, two monograms
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.87 g
Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ-ANTIOXOY, eagle standing left on prow, palm over right wing; A/PE above club surmounted by TYP monogram to left, AΣY monogram above ϚOP (date) to right, ΓΠP monogram between legs
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 14.16 g
Ex Medicus Collection (note the photo) Stack's Coin Galleries November 2002, lot 144
Reverse: Eagle with scepter right; grain ear below; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EΠIΦANOYΣ, ΣE / X // BϘP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.89 g
Reverse: Zeus Ouranios, draped, standing left, holding star and scepter; two monograms to outer left; all within laurel wreath, E(koppa)P (date) in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 16.03 g
Reverse: Facing owl standing on amphora; BAΣIΛIΣΣHΣ / KΛEOΠATPAΣ // KAI / BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // ϘP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.3 g
Reverse: Eagle standing right on baetyl (the sacred stone) of Elagabal; EMI_CHNΩN / Γ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.31 g
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Reverse: IOVΛIЄШN TШN KAI ΛAOΔIKЄWN, draped and turreted bust of Tyche right, bunches of grapes as earrings; HΠP in left field and MO in right field
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 9.84 g
Reverse: legend within wreath; ΘEΑϹ ϹΥΡΙ / ΑϹ ΙEΡΟΠ / Γ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.4 g
Reverse: Φ ϹΑΜΟϹΑΤ ΙƐΡ ΑϹΥ ΑΥΤΟΝΟ ΜΗΤΡ ΚΟΜ, turreted Tyche seated on rock, l., holding poppy and two ears of corn, resting arm on rock, resting foot on swimming river-god (Euphrates)
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 11.12 g
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Reverse: Large S•C; below, Γ (year 3); all within wreath
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 17.35 g
Reverse: Large SC within laurel wreath; B above; Eagle below with head left
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 8.59 g
Reverse: ΓΑΔΑΡЄѠΝ ΓΚС (date in legend), helmeted bust of Athena to right, wearing aegis
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.87 g
Ex. Roma E-Sale 78, Lot 769
Dated CY 223 = 159/60
Reverse: Μ ΑVΡΗΛΙΟС ΚΑΙСΑΡ VΙΟС СƐΒΑC, Bare headed bust of Marcus with short beard, facing right, wearing cuirass, and paludamentum
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 26.92 g
Reverse: Cornucopia; AΠAMEΩN / THΣ IEPAΣ // Γ T / KAI AΣYΛOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7.5 g
Reverse: Ram of prow left; uncertain Phoenician letter above
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: APAΔIΩN Nike advancing left, holding wreath and palm frond; to left, ΘΛP above phoenician letter w above ΘC; all within wreath.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
Reverse: Nike standing left, holding aplustre in right hand, palm in left; date and letters in field; all within laurel wreath
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 15.24 g
Reverse: SALVS REI PVBLICAE, Victory walking left, trophy on shoulder, dragging captive behind her. Chi-Rho in left field.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 1.5 g
Reverse: CONCORDIA AVGG, Constantinopolis seated in front, holding Victory on globe and sceptre
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.9 g
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Reverse: GLORIA ROMANORVM, Arcadius on horseback facing right, right hand raised; ANTB in exergue
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 1.94 g
ANTB=Second officina in Antioch
Reverse: Arcadius facing, head left, resting hand on shield set on ground, holding labarum; kneeling captive to the right; GLORIA RO_MANORVM / cross / *ANTS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.8 g
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Reverse: S-C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17.5 g
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Reverse: S·C inside laurel wreath of eight leaves
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 14.77 g
I'm not sure what to make of the ^ under the bust, I see it on others sold of this #, but not all dies, signed die? workshop letter?
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Reverse: SC inside an oak wreath
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 15.54 g
SC stands for "senatus consultum", a decree of the senate.
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Reverse: A PLAVTIVS PROCOS, Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, containing conical xoanon; semicircular courtyard
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4 g
Denomination is probably supposed to be a quadrans given the size and weight per RPC.
The obverse inscription translates to "Commander-in-Chief Caesar, son of the Divine (referring to Julius Caesar)"
The reverse inscription translates to "Aulus Plautius, Proconsul"
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Reverse: APXIE-PATIKON ANTIOXEIΣ Λ, Inscription in four lines within wreath of an archiereus
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 14.5 g
This coin names Augustus as "Archiereus" which appears to be similar to Pontifex Maximus (Chief Priest), but for the region of Antioch.
The obverse inscription translates to something like "to Caesar Augustus, our Archiereus"
The reverse inscription translates to something like "The Archiereus of the Antioch region, Year 30"
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Reverse: C CAESAR AVG F PONT COS, Bare head of Gaius Caesar facing right
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 9.94 g
Translations:
Obverse: "Caesar Augustus, Father of the Fatherland"
Reverse: "Gaius Caesar, son of Augustus, Priest, Consul"
Reverse: Dolphin entwined around trident within laurel wreath
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.6 g
Reverse: Tyche seated right holding palm, below rivergod Orontes swimming right; EΤΟΥΣ__ΝΙΚΗΣ / ΘK / (ΥΠΑ) ΙΓ / (AVT)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 14.2 g
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Reverse: A PLAVTIVS PROCOS, Temple of Aphrodite at Paphos, in which conical xoanon; semi-circular courtyard
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 2.86 g
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Reverse: A PLAVTIVS PROCOS, Zeus Salaminios standing facing, holding philae and scepter; eagle rests on left wrist
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 3.02 g
RPC lists the wrong obverse inscription, it should be the inscription listed for RPC I 3905, this coincides with the plates in RPC I Part II anyway.
Reverse: Zeus seated left holding Nike and scepter; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΦIΛIΠΠOY // EΠIΦANOYΣ / ΦIΛAΔEΛΦOY / (AYΓB)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 15.3 g
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Reverse: RESTITVT ORBIS, woman standing right, presenting wreath to Aurelian standing left, holding sceptre. Mintmark XXI. Officina VI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: female standing right, crowning Aurelian standing left in military dress, holding long spear or scepter; RESTITVTOR OR_BIS / S
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
Reverse: Sol facing, head left, wearing chalmys, raising hand, holding globe globe, bounded captive left; SOLI__INVICTO / *
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: female standing right holding wreath, crowning Aurelian standing left wearing military dress, holding long scepter; RESTITVT OR_BIS / * / •KA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: VABALATHVS VCRIM DR, Laur., dr. and cuir. bust of Vabalathus right.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: lion attacking stag, crouching right; all within incuse square; lOZBOl
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 11.1 g
Reverse: king of Persia standing right slaying erect lion with dagger; O ('ayin)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.7 g
Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠTOΛEMAIOY, eagle standing left on thunderbolt, wings closed.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 8.78 g
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Reverse: ANTIOCHIA around cross downward crescent in 2nd quarter
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: eagle facing, standing on thunderbolt, head right, wreath in beak; ΔHMAPX·EΞ·_VΠATO ?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.8 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, pilei topped by stars below; ΔHMAPX·EΞ·VΠATOC·TO·Δ·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 11.8 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head lright, wreath in beak star above small club below; 'Δ'HMAPX EΞ·VΠATOC·TO'Δ'
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 12.2 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, prow below; ΔHMAPX EΞ VΠATOC TO·Δ·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.4 g
Reverse: Eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, serpent-entwined torch below; ΔHMAPX EΞ VΠATOC TO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 15.2 g
Reverse: Eagle on altar facing, head right, wreath in beak, pellet in circle between eagle's legs, serpent-entwined torch below; ΔHMAPX EΞ_VΠATOC TO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 10.7 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, grain ear below; ΔHMAPX EΞ YΠATOC TO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 10.9 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head right, wreath in beak, filleted thyrsus below; ΔHMAPX EΞ__VΠATO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.3 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, ram's head below; ΔHMAPX_·EΞ VΠATOC TO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.8 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, bust of Shamash between legs, circle between head and wing; ΔHMAPX EΞVΠATOC TO Δ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.2 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head right, wreath in beak, star over lion below; ·ΔHMAPX EΞ·_VΠATOC TO Δ_·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.4 g
Reverse: eagle facing, head left, wreath in beak, star below; ΔHMAPX · EΞ·VΠATOC·TO'Δ'