In 22 BC, the region was reorganized resulting in 4 distinct provinces; Gallia Narbonensis, Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Lugdunensis, and Gallia Belgica. The provincial capitals were Narbo Martius (Narbonne), Burdigala (Bordeaux), Lugdunum (Lyons), and Durocortorum (Reims), respectively. In 83 AD Germania Superior and Germania Inferior were separated from Belgica. Their Capitals were Mogontiacum (Mainz) and Colonia Agrippinensis (Cologne) respectively.
Culturally, Gallia was divided into Gallia Comata, literally meaning ‘long-haired Gaul’, and Gallia Bracata ‘trousered Gaul’, which refers to the use of bracae (‘breeches’) in Gallia Narbonensis. During Late Antiquity, Gaulish and Roman culture amalgamated into a hybrid Gallo-Roman culture. The Gaulish language was marginalized and eventually extinct, being replaced by regional forms of Late Latin which in the medieval period developed into French and Occitan.
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Reverse:
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.9 g
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Reverse: Apollo Citharoedus of Actium standing facing, head to left, holding plectrum in his right hand and lyre in his left; IMP X in fields; ACT in exergue
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.31 g
The obverse translates to "Augustus, son of the Divine (referring to Julius Caesar)"
IMP X translates to "Commander-in-Chief for the 10th time", and ACT is short for Actium.
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Reverse: ROM ET AVG, Front elevation of the Altar of Lyons, decorated with the corona civica between laurels, these being flanked by nude male figures to left and right, Victories on columns facing eachother
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 9.56 g
Translations:
Obverse: Caesar, High Priest
Reverse: To Rome and Augustus
The Sanctuary of the Three Gauls was founded by Drusus (stepson of Augustus) to federalize and Romanize this area as an Imperial province under Augustus following the Gallic wars of his predecessor Julius Caesar.
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Reverse: Bull butting to the right; IMP•X in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.18 g
Reverse: front elevation of the Altar of Lugdunum, decorated with the corona civica between laurels, these being flanked by nude male figures, Victories on columns, facing one another; ROM ET AVG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.78 g
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Reverse: AVGVSTVS, Eagle standing facing with wings spread, head to left
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 1.87 g
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Reverse: Altar of Lugdunum, highly decorated with corona civica, laurels, and nude male figures; Victories flanking; ROM ET AVG in exergue
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 10.22 g
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Reverse: COL-NEM, palm tree curving to right, crocodile right chained below, wreath to left of palm tip with long ties trailing to right
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 12.45 g
Reverse: Chained crocodile standing right; palm and filleted wreath behind COL_NEM
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.1 g
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Reverse: COL NEM, Crocodile chained to palm-shoot with tip right; above palm-tip left a wreath with long ties
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 12.65 g
The reverse symbolizes the capture of Egypt after the Battle of Actium, and the soldiers that won that battle were granted land in Colonia Nemausus.
Reverse: Caius Caesar on horseback riding right, holding sword and reins; to left, aquila right between two signa; C•CAESAR / AVGVS•F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Lucius Caesar and Caius Caesar facing, wearing toga, holding shield on the ground and spear, simpulum and lituus (b9) above; AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT / C L CAESARES
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.61 g
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Reverse: C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT, Gaius and Lucius Caesar standing, each, wearing togas, resting hand on shield and spear, simpulum, right, and lituus, left, flanking, left and right respectively
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins, Q / L·FABI·L·F·HISP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: eagle standing left, head right; CONSECRATIO / II
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: she-wolf standing left, sucking twins, 2 stars above. Mintmark SLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.35 g
Reverse: two soldiers standing either side of a standard (G); GLORI_A EXERC_ITVS / SARL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.4 g
Reverse: VICTORAE DD AVGGQ NN: Two Victories, winged, draped, standing front, facing each other, each holding wreath in right hand and palm in left hand
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
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Reverse: SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys draped over left shoulder, holding globe upwards and raising right hand. TF in left field, star in right field. Mintmark PLG.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left, holding right hand high in salute and globe, T-F across fields. Mintmark PLG.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
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Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories facing and inscribing VOT PR on shield placed on plain altar. Mintmark SARL
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.19 g
Constantine AE follis. 319 AD. / Arles RIC VII 191
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / STR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: globe on inscribed altar, 3 stars above; BEATA TRAN_QVILLITAS / VO / TIS / XX / PTR•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: Sol standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, raising right, globe in left; SOLI INVIC_TO COMITI / S_F / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Sol standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, raising right, globe in left; SOLI INVI_CTO COMITI / A_S / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: Radiate bust of Sol right, seen from behind.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.14 g
Reverse: globe on inscribed altar, 3 stars above; BEATA TRAN_QVILLITAS // VO / TIS / XX // •PTR•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM, Wreath containing VOT / X
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: -
Reverse: PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS / F-T / BTR - Prince in military dress standing right, holding globe and spear, F-T across fields. Mintmark BTR.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.26 g
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, wearing modius and chlamys over shoulder, holding patera and cornucopia; S-F in fields/IITR in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.37 g
Ex Agoraauctions lot 39-184
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI - Genius standing facing, head left, before lighted altar, modius on head & chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera & cornucopia, star in right field; PLC in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 9.61 g
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Reverse: VOTIS XXX MVLTIS XXXX in four lines within wreath; SCON in exergue
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 1.82 g
Reverse: FEL TEMP TEMP RE-PARATIO, soldier standing left, spearing a fallen horseman who is wearing a Phrygian helmet, reaching backwards. D in left field. Mintmark TCON.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.07 g
25 Scarce
Reverse: two soldiers standing either side of a standard; GLOR_IA EXERC_ITVS / TRP branch
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.5 g
Reverse: soldier spearing falling horseman (brimmed helmet), hand toward soldier; FEL TEMP__REPARATIO / D / PCON
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS, campgate; 2 turrets, 6 layers, no doors. Mintmark STR dot-in-crescent.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.3 g
25
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAET PRINC PERP: Two Victories, winged, draped, facing each other, holding a shield inscribed VOT/PR supported by an altar
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17 g
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Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS, globe on altar inscribed VOTIS XX; three stars above; PTR• in exergue
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 2.71 g
A very rare and fine example of this bust type with the Medusa shield decoration. Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 77; Lot 1381
Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS / VO-TIS-XX / • PTR • - Globe on altar inscribed VO-TIS-XX, 3 *** above. Mintmark • PTR •.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 2.6 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAE, two victories standing facing each other, holding between them a wreath encircling VOT V MVLT X in four lines. Short support column? SV in lower field
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
Reverse: Two Victories holding inscribed shield; VICT DD NN AVG ET CAES // (XP) / VOT / V / MVLT / X / SP / RSLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Jul/Aug 350 - 18.8.353 AD
Reverse: Quies standing left extending hand against Providentia who is holding scepter and branch; PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG / T_F / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia, modius on head, chalmys over shoulder; GENIO POPV_LI ROMANI / A _ * / TR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.72 g
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Reverse: AETERNITAS AVG, Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and rudder; IIII in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.87 g
Reverse: + SIT : NOMEN : DNI : BENEDICTV(M), Cross fleuronnée; R in central quadrilobe; pellet in quarters.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: +VRBS AIDCCSuncertain symbol, Fulk monogram at center
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 0.77 g
Count of Anjou, France
AR Denier, Angers mint
Dated to the reign of Fulk IV-Fulk V, some have argued as late as the succeeding Geoffrey V Plantagenet
Fulk V would go on to be a crusader under the Knights Templar and eventually King of Jerusalem from 1131-1143
These people are possibly my Great x28, x27, and x26 Grandfathers respectively.
Translations
Obverse: "Count Fulk"
Reverse:"City of Angers"
Reverse: VICTORIA GALBAE AVG, Victory wearing drapery, standing facing left on top of globe, holding wreath and palm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 1.62 g
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Reverse: DEO MARTI, Mars standing left in tetrastyle temple, resting on shield and spear.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: GERMANICVS MAX V, Trophy (with two small shields) between two captives.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Roma seated facing on throne, looking left, holding Victory on globe and spear, left leg bare "VIRTVS ROMANORVM"
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 1.5 g
Reverse: Gratian standing front, head left, holding Victory on globe and raising kneeling female on left; REPARATIO__REIPVB / PCON
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
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Reverse: VRBS ROMA, Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory on globe and resting on reverse spear
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 1.93 g
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Reverse: Pax standing half left, holding branch pointing left and long scepter; PA_X PV-BLICA / TRP branch
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.7 g
Reverse: Pax standing left, holding branch and scepter; PA_X PV_BLICA / ?TRP?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.58 g
Reverse: VILLA CALIS, Long cross, three pellets in each quadrant, an anulet also in the 1st and 4th quadrants
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 0.8 g
King of England and disputed King of France
AR Penny, Calais mint
Reverse: +XP'C • VIИCIT • XP'C • RЄGNAT • XP'C • IMPЄRAT (rosette stops), cross tréflée and feuillue; in center of cross, • within quadrilobe; all within quadrilobe, trefoil fleurée at end of each arc; trilobe in spandrels.
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.76 g
Provenance: Triton XXV Session 5 (25 January 2022), lot 455.
Reverse: +DЄVS • InΛDIVTORIV • mЄV • InTЄnDЄ (rosette stops), cross fleuillue with rosettes in angles, all within quadrilobe with ermines in spandrels.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.95 g
Reverse: + SIT : NOME : DNI : BENEDICTV, Cross pattée
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.59 g
Reverse: VOTIS V MVLTIS X within wreath, mintmark LVG
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 1.5 g
Reverse: VOT-V-MVLT-X - Legend in four lines within wreath. Mintmark TCON.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 1.64 g
Reverse: boar left; two circles below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.4 g
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Reverse: GENIO POP ROM, Genius standing facing, head left, wearing tower headdress, holding patera and cornucopia; T F in fields; BTR in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.04 g
BTR is a bit strange and I belive it is an engraving error as only PTR exists for this which follows perfect logic as in the west officina were "numbered" via the first letter in the Latin words for first, second (prima, secunda) etc., and in the east they did the same but with the Greek words (alpha, beta) etc.
There is also substantial die wear causing the first four letters of the obverse inscription to be almost entirely missing when striking the coin.
Reverse: emperor borne by eagle standing right, left wing pointing downwards, looking back; emperor holds sceptre in left hand and thunderbolt in right; IOVI CONSERVARI AVG / PARL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.18 g
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM / VOT • V / Q ╰╯A - Legend around VOT • V within wreath. Mintmark Q ╰╯A.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.15 g
Reverse: LE-PI flanking cornucopia; all within laurel wreath
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.36 g
Provenance: Leu Numismatik Web auction 8 (29 June, 2019), lot 611.
Reverse: cornucopia within wreath; LE_PI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.4 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, two Victories standing facing, one another, holding round shield inscribed VOT V MVLT X in four lines. No column.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES / F / PAR. Two Victories standing facing each other, holding between them wreath inscribed VOT / V / MVLT / X in four lines.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.07 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES / two Victories standing facing each other, holding between them a wreath inscribed VOT-V-MVLT-X. Mintmark TRP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: Magnentius standing half left, holding Victory on globe and labarum; FELICITAS__REIPVBLICE / A / TRS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.9 g
Reverse: Magnentius standing on galley
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.05 g
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Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, two Victories holding wreath inscribed VOT V MVLT X in four lines; TRP in exergue
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 4.9 g
Reverse: REPERATIO REI PVB, Maximus in military attire standing left, raising with right hand a turreted female figure who kneels before him, and holding victory on globe in left hand
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.3 g
Reverse: emperor standing facing, head left, in left Victory on a globe crowns him, with right raising turreted woman; REPARATIO_REIPVB / PCON
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.5 g
Reverse: Lion walking right; ANTONI above; A - XLI ( = 41, Antony’s age at time of issue) across field; IMP in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.88 g
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Reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.99 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing facing, head left, tower on head, naked but for chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera and cornucopia; SF in fields; PTR in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 9.69 g
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Reverse: PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding Victory on globe and transverse sceptre; III in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.59 g
Reverse: SECVRITAS AVGVSTI S-C, II in ex, Securitas seated right, holding veil above her head, altar at feet right.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 12.2 g
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Reverse: CER QVINC ROM CON around, SC in exergue, Table, seen at an angle, surmounted by an urn on the left and wreath on the right.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.3 g
Reverse: Victory alighting left, holding shield inscribed SPQR, with S C across field
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 10.5 g
Reverse: SPQR / S-C - S-C to left and right of Victory flying left, holding shield inscribed SPQR.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 10.37 g
Reverse: Horse right with three pellets and crescent above.
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 4.03 g
Added onto the Wildwinds site.
Reverse: PAX AVGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.74 g
Reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm, captive at foot
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
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Reverse: VICTORIA AVG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.2 g
Reverse: MONETA AVG, Moneta standing left with scales & cornucopiae
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.75 g
Reverse: SAECVLI FELICTAS, Postumus standing right with spear & globe
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm, captive at foot.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.6 g
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Reverse: PAX AVG, Pax standing left, branch in right hand, transverse scepter in left, P in left field
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.95 g
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Reverse: P M TR P IIII COS III P P, Mars walking right with trophy and transverse spear
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopia; M_ONET_A AVG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.3 g
Reverse: Hercules standing left, holding branch and club with lion's skin; HERC_PACIFERO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.97 g
Reverse: Galley LATITIA AVG
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.44 g