Greece is a country and region in South-East Europe, and the birthplace of much of western philosophy and civilization.
From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to India.
This (geographical) cartegory covers the regions of Cental Greece, Crete, the Cyclades, Epirus, Euboea, the Peloponnese, and Thessaly. It is bordered to the east by Asia Minor, to the west by Italia, and to the north by the Balkans, including Macedonia and Thrace.
Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak 2,918 metres.
From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as poleis (singular polis), which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to India.
This (geographical) cartegory covers the regions of Cental Greece, Crete, the Cyclades, Epirus, Euboea, the Peloponnese, and Thessaly. It is bordered to the east by Asia Minor, to the west by Italia, and to the north by the Balkans, including Macedonia and Thrace.
Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak 2,918 metres.
(1)
Achaean League
c. 86 BC
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Obverse:
head of laureate Zeus right
Reverse:
fish under (AX) monogram all within wreath; (APT) left / ΔY up
(2)
Achaean League
160-146 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right
Reverse:
(AX) monogram, thunderbolt below, all within wreath; ΞB / K_A / M
(3)
Achaean League
c. 188-180 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right
Reverse:
(AX) monogram within wreath; A_N / CΩ
(4)
Achaean League
c. 175-168 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus Amarios right
Reverse:
lyre above (AX) monogram, all within wreath; ΔΩ_PO
(5)
Achaean League
100-80 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right
Reverse:
(AX) monogram, trident below, all within wreath; A / Π_Λ / (YE)
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(9)
Alexander (Tyrant)
369-359 BC
Obverse:
forepart of butting bull right
Reverse:
forepart of horse right; AΛEΞAN / ΔPOY
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(11)
Aptera (Crete)
250-67 BC
AE
unit
Aptera (Crete)
Obverse:
laureate head of Apollo right
Reverse:
lyre; A_Π
(13)
Athens
431-393 BC
Obverse:
head of Athena right - almond shaped eye, crested helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll
Reverse:
owl standing right, head facing, olive sprig and crescent left; AΘE
(14)
Athens
460-404 BC
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Obverse:
Helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse:
Owl standing right, head facing
(15)
Athens
286-267 BC
Obverse:
Head of Athena right with eye in profile, wearing crested helmet ornamented with three olive leaves and floral scroll
Reverse:
ΑΘΕ / Owl standing right, head facing, to the left an olive sprig and crescent
(16)
Athens
264-267 AD
Obverse:
draped bust of Athena right wearing crested Corinthian helmet
Reverse:
Athena Parthenos facing, head left, holding Nike with wreath. Left hand resting on shield set on ground holding spear; AΘHNA_IΩN
(17)
Athens
440 - 404 BC
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Obverse:
Helmeted head of Athena right with frontal eye
Reverse:
Owl standing right, head facing
(18)
Athens
264-267 AD
Obverse:
draped bust of Athena right wearing crested helmet
Reverse:
mirror image of acropolis of Athens from northwest - Panathenaic way lead upward to the Propylaia at summit, large statue of Athena Promachos standing right, Erechtheion to right; in center of rock, niche representing the Cave of Pan with his statue
(20)
Athens
c. 454-404 BC
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Obverse:
Head of Athena right, in crested Attic helmet ornamented with three olive leaves above visor and spiral palmette on bowl, wearing round earring with central boss
Reverse:
Owl standing to right with head facing, olive sprig and crescent behind, ΑΘΕ before; all within incuse square
(21)
Athens
|
Phoenician
431-393 BC
Obverse:
head of Athena right - almond shaped eye, crested helmet with olive leaves and floral scroll
Reverse:
owl standing right, head facing, olive sprig and crescent left; AΘE - Phoenician contermark bēth yōdh
(22)
Boeotian League
221-197 BC
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AE
unit
Federal Mint
Obverse:
Head of Persephone, 3/4 facing right
Reverse:
Poseidon standing left, holding trident
(23)
Boeotian League
300 - 250 BC
AE
unit
Federal Mint
Obverse:
Boiotian ox hide shield
Reverse:
BOIWTWN (upward on left), ornamented trident head upward, straight crossbar, dolphin upward on right, no control symbol
(24)
Boeotian League
300 - 250 BC
AE
unit
Federal Mint
Obverse:
Boiotian ox hide shield
Reverse:
BOIWTWN (upward on left), ornamented trident head upward, straight crossbar, dolphin upward on right, no control symbol
(25)
Caligula
|
Germanicus
37-41 AD
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Obverse:
C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS, Bare head of Caligula facing right
Reverse:
GER CAESAR PVLCHRO III VARIO IIVIR, Bare head of Germanicus facing right
(27)
Claudius
41-54 AD
Obverse:
bare head left; TI·CLAVDIVS·CAESAR·AVG·GERM
Reverse:
aquila on thunderbolt right, signum on each side; COL·_·A·A·_PATR / X_XII
(29)
Ekkarra
c. 325-320 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus left
Reverse:
Artemis standing left, leaning on scepter; EKKA_PPEI
(30)
Epirote League
234-168 BC
AE
unit
Federal Mint
Obverse:
Laureate, veiled, and draped bust of Dione right, wearing stephane; AI(?) monogram behind, BO before, palm frond below
Reverse:
Tripod in wreath, AΠEI-PΩTAN on either side
(31)
Gortyna
250-221BC
Obverse:
Europa seated right in tree, lifting drapery; eagle standing to left.
Reverse:
Europa seated right on bull running left, lifting her drapery; all within wreath
(32)
Hadrian
117-138 AD
Obverse:
laureate bust right, draped shoulder; ΑΥΤ{Ο} ΚΑΙ{СΑΡ} ΤΡΑΙ{Α} ΑΔΡΙΑΝΟС СΕΒ{ΑС}
Reverse:
Dioscuri on horses right, holding spear and reins; ΛΑΚΕΔΑΙΜΟΝΙΩΝ
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(38)
Krannon
350-300 BC
Obverse:
Horseman riding left; Λ E
Reverse:
Bull butting right; trident above; IΠ / KPAN
(39)
Larissa (Thessaly)
356-342 BC
Obverse:
head of nymph Larissa facing slightly left
Reverse:
horse grazing right; ΛΑΡΙΣ / ΑΙΩΝ
(40)
Larissa (Thessaly)
356-342 BC
AE
unit
Larissa (Thessaly)
Obverse:
head of nymph Larissa facing slightly left
Reverse:
horse grazing right; ΛΑΡΙΣ / ΑΙΩΝ
(41)
Larissa (Thessaly)
c. 400-365 BC
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Obverse:
Head of the nymph Larissa facing slightly left
Reverse:
ΛAPI–ΣAIΩN, mare and her foal standing right
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(43)
Lokri Opuntii
c. 340-330 BC
Obverse:
Head of Persephone right wearing wreath of grain, single-pendant earring, and pearl necklace
Reverse:
Ajax the Lesser (son of Oileus) nude but for crested Corinthian helmet advancing right in fighting attitude holding short sword and shield on left arm ornamented inside with coiled snake (control symbol), helmet crest below; OΠONTIΩN
(44)
Macedon (Protectorate)
c. 158-149 BC
Obverse:
Artemis wearing diadem, bow and quiver slung over left shoulder, depicted in the center of a Macedonian shield
Reverse:
Club of Heracles at center, Greek text above (ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΩΝ) and below (ΠΡΩΤΗΣ) club along with three monograms surrounded by oak wreath, keraunos left
(45)
Magnetes
197-146 BC
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Obverse:
Laureate head of Zeus left
Reverse:
Centaur holding branch right, owl below; MAΓNHTΩN
(46)
Marcus Antonius
32 B.C.
Obverse:
ANT AVG III VIR RPC
Reverse:
LEG V
(47)
Marcus Antonius
38-37 BC
Obverse:
M•ANT•IMP•TERT•COS•DESIG•ITER•ET•III•VIR•RPC - Jugate busts of Mark Antony and Octavia right.
Reverse:
M OPPIVS CAPITO PRO PR PRAEF CLASS F C - Galley right, below A.
(48)
Marcus Antonius
32-31 BC
Obverse:
galley right, mast with banners at prow, ANT·AVG / III ·VIR·R·P·C
Reverse:
legionary aquila between two standards, LEG X?
(49)
Marcus Antonius
32-31 BC
Obverse:
galley right, mast with banners at prow, ANT·AVG / III ·VIR·R·P·C
Reverse:
legionary aquila between two standards, LEG_II ?
(50)
Marcus Antonius
32-31 BC
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Obverse:
Praetorian ship right, with scepter tied with fillet on prow; above, ANT AVG; below, III. VIR. R.P.C.
Reverse:
Aquila (eagle) between two standards; around, LEG XVII CLASSICAE
(51)
Marcus Antonius
38-37 BC
AE
Sestertius
Achaea
Obverse:
M ANT • IMP TER COS DES ITER ET TER III VIR R• P • C •, bare head of Antony right vis-à-vis head of Octavia left.
Reverse:
M • OPPIVS • CAPITIO • P[R) • PR • PRAEF • CLASS • F • C • - Mark Antony and Octavia in quadriga of hippocamps; in l. field, HS and below, Δ and astragalos.
(52)
Marcus Antonius
38-37 BC
Obverse:
M•ANT•IMP•TERT•COS•DESIG•ITER•ET•TER• III•VIR•R•P•C - Conjoined bare heads of Mark Antony and Octavian right, facing draped bust of Octavia left.
Reverse:
M•OPPIVS•CAPITO•PRO•PR•PRAEF•CLASS•F•C - Three galleys under sail to right. Γ (Gamma) and Triskeles below.
(54)
Oiniadai
219-211 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right; ΠPI
Reverse:
head of the river-god Achelous right; OINIAΔAN, (APK)
(55)
Olympia
312-271 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right
Reverse:
eagle right; olive leaf right; F _ A
(56)
Olympia
170-130 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus right
Reverse:
legend within wreath; FA / ΛEI / ΩN
(58)
Phalanna
c. 400-344 BC
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Obverse:
head of Apollo right
Reverse:
head of Nymph Phalanna right, hair in sakkos ΦAΛANNAIΩN
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(60)
Pharsalos
c. 450-400 BC
Obverse:
helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse:
head of horse right; Φ A / P Σ
(61)
Pherai
c. 404-369 BC
Obverse:
head of Nymph Hypereia right, wearing wreath
Reverse:
head of lion right, spouring water from mouth; ΦEPAI
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(63)
Phokian Confederation
c. 440-420 BC
Obverse:
facing bull head
Reverse:
head of Artemis right; Φ O K I
(64)
Phokian Confederation
351-347 BC
Obverse:
three filleted boukrania; ΦΩ_ΚΕ_ΩΝ
Reverse:
laureate wreath; T
(65)
Ptolemy II
275-265/264 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Zeus-Ammon right
Reverse:
eagle with spread wings standing on lightning, Galatian shield left, ΠΤΟΛEMAIOY ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, (ΣΩ) // (XAP), Λ between eagle's legs
(66)
Q. Sicinius
|
C. Coponius
c. 49 BC
Obverse:
diademed head of Apollo right; star below, Q·SICINIVS III·VIR
Reverse:
Nemean lion's skin draped over club; arrow left; bow right, C·COPONIVS ·PR·S·C
(67)
Salamis (Attica)
350-318 BC
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AE
unit
Salamis (Attica)
Obverse:
head of nymph Salamis wearing stephane right
Reverse:
shield of Ajax and sword in sheath laying over; ΣA_ΛA
(71)
Skiathos
c. 350-344 BC
Obverse:
young male (Hermes?) head left wearing tania
Reverse:
Kerykeion and Herma?; ΣKI / AΘI
(72)
Skotussa
c. 394-367 BC
Obverse:
head of young Herakles left wearing lion's skin
Reverse:
horse forepart right; Σ_KO ΦΠA
(74)
Tanagra
457-448 BC
Obverse:
Boeotian shield
Reverse:
forepart of horse right within incuse square; T_A
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(76)
Thessalian League
c. 150-100 BC
Obverse:
head of Apollo right
Reverse:
Athena Itonia right throwing spear holding shield; ΘEΣΣA / ΛΩN, ΦIΛOK, A / Σ _ OP, (ΓA)
(77)
Thessalian League
47-46 BC
Obverse:
Head of Zeus right, wearing laurel wreath; [I]TAΛO[Σ] behind
Reverse:
Athena Itonia advancing right; [Δ]IO-KΛHΣ above spear, N-I in inner fields
(78)
Thessalian League
130 - 100 BC
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Obverse:
Laureate head of Apollo right; HP monogram behind
Reverse:
Athena Itonia right; Π-I across central field
(79)
Trikka
c. 480-400 BC
Obverse:
naked Thessalian youth standing right, restraining forepart of unruly bull prancing right
Reverse:
forepart of bridled horse prancing right, within incuse square TPI_KK_AI (retrograde)