Under the Tetrachy, the sovereignty of the Roman Empire was divided amongst four people; two Augusti or 'Senior Emperors' and two Caesars or 'Junior Emperors'. The four emperors based themselves not in Rome, but in cities closer to the frontier, from which they could each oversee and protect a part of the Empire.
Unfortunately, the system was too naive - when Diocletians & Maximian's reigns were up they abdicated, but the next set of Augusti were less concerned with upholding the system and soon the Tetrarchs were at each other's throats.
By 313 AD, most of the Tetrarchs and claimants were dead, and by 324 the empire was once again united under Constantine the Great.
Reverse: Apollo standing left, holding patera and kithara; APOLLONI__SANCTO / B / SMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: Apollo standing left, holding patera and kithara; APOLLONI__SANCTO / I / SMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.9 g
Reverse: emperor seated left on curule chair, holding short scepter, raising right hand; REQVIES OPTIM_ORVM MERITORVM / •TS•A•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.2 g
Reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, vexillum inscribed VOT XX in two lines, with two captives seated back to back at base
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.3 g
Reverse: DN CONSTANTINI AVG, VOT XX inside wreath
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.7 g
Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI AVG NN, Jupiter standing left holding victory on globe and resting on sceptre, eagle at feet to left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 33 g
Reverse: COMITI - AVGG NN, Sol standing left, holding globe and whip
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: -
Reverse: BEAT TRA - NQLITAS, Altar with VO / TIS / XX inscribed on three lines, globe on top, three stars above
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: -
Reverse: SARMATIA - DEVICTA, Victory advancing right, holding trophy and palm branch, trampling captive on ground to right
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: Sol standing right, head left, raising his right hand; SOLI INVI_C_TO COMITI / R over X _ F / R S
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: Sol standing right, head left, raising his right hand, globe in his left hand; SOLI INVI_CTO COMITI / RT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.07 g
Reverse: Sol standing half left, wearing chalmys, raising hand, holding globe; SOLI INVI_C_TO COMITI / * / P•T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: Camp gate with 3 turrets, 6 layers; PROVIDEN_TIAE AVGG / MHTB
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: Jupiter standing left, holding Victory and scepter; eagle to left; IOVI CONSER_VATORI AVGG / B / SMHT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.89 g
Reverse: Jupiter standing half left, wearing chalmys, holding Victory with wreath on globe, and long scepter; eagle left, head turned back, wreath in beak; IOVI CONS_ERVATO_RI AVGG NN / A / SIS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.94 g
Reverse: Sol standing left, raising his right hand and holding globe in his left hand; SOLI INV_I_CTO COMITI; R over X _ F / R T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.07 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / T T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.32 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / ASIS·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: VOT / · / XX / * within wreath; D N CONSTANTINI MAX AVG / SMHA·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.77 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / ESIS*
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.34 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / STR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: globe on inscribed altar, 3 stars above; BEATA TRAN_QVILLITAS / VO / TIS / XX / PTR•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus decorated with wreath; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / PLN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / P T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.7 g
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Reverse: VOT / · / XX within wreath; DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG / S T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: Sol standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, raising right, globe in left; SOLI INVIC_TO COMITI / S_F / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Jupiter standing left, holding Victory and scepter; eagle to left; IOVI CONS_ERVATORI / ·TS·A·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.22 g
Reverse: Sol standing left, nude but for cloak over shoulder, raising right, globe in left; SOLI INVI_CTO COMITI / A_S / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: standard inscribed with VOT / X X, captives at sides heads left; VIRTVS_EXERCIT / T T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.5 g
Reverse: VOT / XX within wreath; DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG / ASIS wreath
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.38 g
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Reverse: CONSERVATORES VRB SVAE, Roma seated facing left, holding globe and scepter, all within hexastyle temple; R*Q in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 5.6 g
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Reverse: MARTI CONSERVATORI, Mars standing right, holding spear and shield; star in left field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.33 g
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Reverse: Sol standing half left, wearing chalmys, raising hand, holding globe; SOLI INV_I_CTO COMITI / R_F / R*P
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding inscribed shield on the cippus inscribed with X; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / VOT / PR AT ????
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: VOT / XX within wreath (dot in badge at top of wreath); DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG / BSIS sunrise
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.8 g
Reverse: globe on inscribed altar, 3 stars above; BEATA TRAN_QVILLITAS // VO / TIS / XX // •PTR•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / VOT - PR / PLN - Two Victories standing, facing holding shield inscribed VOT-PR over decorated altar with vertical •••••• on it (Helv. 10). Mintmark PLN.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / VOT PR / ST - Two Victories holding shield inscribed VOT PR on altar. Mintmark ST.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.98 g
Reverse: SOLI IN-V-ICTO COMITI - Sol standing left, holding globe and raising right hand, chlamys hanging over left shoulder. A in left field. Mintmark RP.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.17 g
Reverse: SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI - Sol standing left, raising hand and holding globe;╰╯in left field. Mintmark PLN.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.97 g
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM, Wreath containing VOT / X
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: -
Reverse: BEATA TRA - NQVILLITAS, Altar with VOT / IS / XX inscribed on three lines, globe on top, three stars above
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: -
Reverse: VOT / • / X within wreath; CAESARVM NOSTRORVM / ΓSIS sunrise
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding inscribed shield on inscribed cippus; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP // VOT / PR / S / ΓSIS•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS / F-T / BTR - Prince in military dress standing right, holding globe and spear, F-T across fields. Mintmark BTR.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.26 g
Reverse: CAESARVM NOSTRORVM / VOT • X / BSIS* - VOT • X within wreath, legend around. Mintmark BSIS*.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.02 g
Reverse: Two Victories facing each other imitation of latin legend; I)I ?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.66 g
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Reverse: MEMORIA FELIX, lighted altar adorned with garlands, eagle standing on either side; P LN in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 5.54 g
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, wearing modius and chlamys over shoulder, holding patera and cornucopia; S-F in fields/IITR in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.37 g
Ex Agoraauctions lot 39-184
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI - Genius standing facing, head left, before lighted altar, modius on head & chlamys over left shoulder, holding patera & cornucopia, star in right field; PLC in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 9.61 g
Reverse: GENIO POP-VLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.44 g
30
Reverse: Constantius I standing right on left, holding scepter, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter to right, holding scepter; CONCORDIA MILI_TVM / HB
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
Reverse: Moneta standing slightly left, holding scales and cornucopia; SACRA MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN / T club
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 10.4 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.23 g
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Reverse: FIDES MILITVM, Fides seated on throne, facing left, holding military standards; dot in right field; TT in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 8.05 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.09 g
Reverse: VIRTVS MILITVM, four emperors sacrificing at tripod altar before walled enclosure with six turrets
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.7 g
Reverse: Constantius I standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing left holding long scepter; CONCORDIA MIL_ITVM / * / A / ANT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: SACRA MON VRB AVGG ET CAESS NN - Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae, T - club in ex.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 8.96 g
Published on Coinproject.
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Reverse: soldier standing left, wearing helmet and cloak, holding spear and resting hand on shield; PRINCIPIA I_V_VENTVTIS / AQT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: VOT / V within wreath; CAESARVM NOSTRORVM / ASIS*
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: two captives at foot of standard inscribed: VOT / X X; VIRTVS_EXERCIT / S _ F / •TS•Δ•
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
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Reverse: VOT-XX-FK in three lines within wreath. (FK is the mintmark).
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.2 g
Reverse: Diocletian standing right, holding parazonium, receiving Victory on globe from Jupiter standing left holding long scepter; CONCORDIA MI_LITVM / KΓ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, pouring out patera and holding cornucopia; GENIO POPV_LI ROMANI / KΓ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.66 g
Reverse: Quies standing left extending hand against Providentia who is holding scepter and branch; PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG / T_F / PLG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9 g
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Reverse: tetrarchs wearing military dress, sacrificing over tripod in front of turreted enclosure with gate; VIRTVS__MILITVM / A
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.96 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.14 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopia, modius on head, chalmys over shoulder; GENIO POPV_LI ROMANI / A _ * / TR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.72 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing facing left, pouring libation from patera and holding cornucopia; HTB in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 9.29 g
Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE AVGG, the four Tetrarchs (Diocletian, Maximianus, Galerius and Constantius) sacrificing over tripod before campgate with six turrets
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.8 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.31 g
Reverse: IOVI CONSERVAT / Jupiter standing left, holding thunderbolt and sceptre
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and corncopiae
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 10.38 g
A very unusual style of bust on this wonderful medallic coin from the London mint. After consulting with Lee Toone i'm going with CT 2.01.003 (8), but there are so many subtle variations in style during this period. "A fine example of this coarser style probably engraved by an Allectan engraver learning how to adapt to the larger canvas of the new (for Britannia) nummi" (Lee Toone - 20.07.20). Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1394)
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Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia standing right, extending right hand to Quies who stands to left holding branch and sceptre
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 11.02 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.85 g
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; LON in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.79 g
This coin came from the ‘Rauceby hoard’ that was uncovered on 9th July 2017 by two metal detectorists in Lincolnshire, UK. Interestingly, the pot that the coins were found in was buried in the centre of a large oval pit that had been lined with quarried limestone. The pot appeared to have been carefully placed onto the limestone base, and then packed all around with additional pieces of limestone all the way to the top of the pit. The Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) in Lincolnshire at the time (Dr Adam Daubney) has described this as being evidence of so-called ‘ritual’ hoarding, where the coins were used as part of a ceremonial or votive offering. The majority of the coins in the hoard cover the rule of the first tetrarchy of Diocletian/Maximian as Augusti and Constantius/Galerius as Caesars. The hoard ends with the second and third tetrarchies and does not contain any coins of Constantine I issued after he was elevated to the rank of Augustus in December 307. Therefore this would date the burial of the hoard to around AD 307. There are similarities between the Rauceby hoard and the Wold Newton hoard that was discovered near York and was deposited at a similar time. It has been said that both hoards could possibly be tied to the ascension of Constantine as Emperor in York around 307. The British Museum catalogued the coins and disclaimed 2,734 of these in January 2020. This coin was one of 14 LON coins in the hoard (of which the British Museum kept three) and one of five Diocletian LON coins. It weighed 10.77g prior to being cleaned. It is hoped that the British Museum will publish a catalogue of the coins in the near future. For further details & images of the hoard in situ go to: http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/55136
Reverse: VENERI VICTRICI, Venus standing left, holding apple and raising drapery. Crescent in left field, Γ in right field
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
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Reverse: VENERI VICTRICI, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple in upraised right hand and with left raising drapery over left shoulder, with altar at feet to left; star in left field, Δ in right field, ANT in exergue
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 6.61 g
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Reverse: VENERI VICTRICI, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple and raising drapery over shoulder; star in left field, Δ in right field, •SM•TS• in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 7.63 g
Reverse: GENIO AVGVSTI, Genius waring modius standing left holding patera from which liquid flows and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 5 g
Reverse: SACRA MONET AVGG ET CAESS NOSTR, Moneta standing left, holding scales and cornucopiae. Star in left field, B in right field.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
Reverse: Genius standing l., holding patera and cornucopia; TSA.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 9.47 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, pouring out patera and holding cornucopia; GENIO IMP_E_RATORIS / ·HTA·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.43 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, wearing chalmys, holding cornucopia, pouring libations from patera; GENIO A_VGVSTI/ crescent _A / SIS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.9 g
Reverse: Legend within wreath; VOT / X / F K
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
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Reverse: Genius standing left, wearing modius and chalmys, pouring libations from patera, holding cornucopia; GENIO POPV_LI ROMANI / Γ / ANT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.9 g
Reverse: legend within wreath; VOT / . / X / T
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Genius standing left, wearing modius and chalmys, pouring libations from patera, holding cornucopia; GENIO POPV_LI ROMANI • / Z / ANT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.7 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing facing left, modius on head, nude except for chlamys on left shoulder (falls low); holding cornucopia in left hand and pouring libation from patera in right; K in left field; Epsilon over V in right field; ANT in exer
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 8.97 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI CMH (in ligature), Genius, wearing modius, nude, chlamys draped over left shoulder, standing facing left, pouring liquid from patera in right hand and holding cornucopia in left; SMNB in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 6.68 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.57 g
Reverse: IOVI CONSERVATORI, Jupiter standing left holding victory on globe and sceptre, eagle at feet to left
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: IOVI CON-SERVATORI, Jupiter standing left, holding victory and sceptre, eagle at foot with wreath in its beak, e to right
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
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