The Seleucid Empire was a Hellenistic state ruled by the Seleucid dynasty, which existed from 312 BC to 63 BC; it was founded by Seleucus I Nicator following the division of the Macedonian empire vastly expanded by Alexander the Great.
The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture that maintained the preeminence of Greek customs where a Greek political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by immigration from Greece.
The Seleucid Empire eventually clashed with the Roman Republic, and following a series of defeats was reduced to a minor state around the capital of Antioch. By 63 BC, Pompey the Great did away with the sad remains and created the Roman province of Syria instead.
The Seleucid Empire was a major center of Hellenistic culture that maintained the preeminence of Greek customs where a Greek political elite dominated, mostly in the urban areas. The Greek population of the cities who formed the dominant elite were reinforced by immigration from Greece.
The Seleucid Empire eventually clashed with the Roman Republic, and following a series of defeats was reduced to a minor state around the capital of Antioch. By 63 BC, Pompey the Great did away with the sad remains and created the Roman province of Syria instead.
(1)
Alexander I Balas
148-147 BC
Obverse:
Diademed and draped bust right
Reverse:
Eagle standing left on prow left, with palm branch over shoulder; to left, club surmounted by (TYP) monogram; to right, EΞP (date) above (ΓHP) monogram; AΛEΞANΔPOY BAΣIΛEΩΣ
(2)
Alexander II Zabinas
129-128 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Young Dionysos holding kantharos and thyrsos standing left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / AΛEΞANΔPOY, ΔΠP / (?Π?)
(3)
Antiochus I
280-261 BC
Obverse:
helmeted head of Athena facing
Reverse:
Nike holding wreath and palm walking left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY, (MΛ) within wreath
(4)
Antiochus I
281-261 BC
Obverse:
Macedonian shield, anchor in central boss
Reverse:
elephant right, club above, jawbone below BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY (ΘEM)
(5)
Antiochus I
281-261 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Apollo right
Reverse:
tripod, bow left, club right BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY (ΘEM)
(6)
Antiochus I
281-261 BC
Obverse:
Diademed bust right
Reverse:
Apollo seated left, on omphalos, holding arrow and resting on bow
(7)
Antiochus I
c. 281-261 BC
Obverse:
Antiochus I Soter facing right wearing diadem
Reverse:
Apollo seated left on omphalus, bow in left hand, arrow in right, Greek text left (ANTIOXOY) and right (BAΣIΛEΩΣ), monograms left and right
(8)
Antiochus II
261-256 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head of Antiochus I right
Reverse:
Apollo seated on omphalos left, holding arrow and bow; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANT_IOXOY, (HYP)_(ΠΩA)
(9)
Antiochus II
261-246 BC
Obverse:
laureate head of Apollo right
Reverse:
Tripod, anchor below BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY Σ/E left , (HPYΔ) right
(10)
Antiochus III
222-187 BC
Obverse:
Laureate head of Apollo right
Reverse:
Elephant left; anchor up side down to the left BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY
(11)
Antiochus III
c. 198-187 BC
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Obverse:
helmeted head of Athena right
Reverse:
Nike advancing left, holding wreath; anchor left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY, ΔI
(12)
Antiochus III
222–187 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Apollo Delphios, testing arrow in right hand, resting left hand on grounded bow, seated left on omphalos; monograms to outer left
(13)
Antiochus III
197-187 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Apollo Delphios, testing arrow and resting hand on grounded bow, seated left on omphalos; ΔI in exergue
(14)
Antiochus II
|
Seleukos I
261-246 BC
Obverse:
head of young Herakles wearing lion's skin right
Reverse:
Zeus seated left, leaning on scepter, holding eagle; ΣEΛEYKOY // (TAYP) // (ΔYP) / BAΣIΛEΩΣ
(15)
Antiochus IV
175 - c. 172 BC
AE
unit
Akko-Ptolemais
Obverse:
laureate head of Apollo right; monogram left
Reverse:
Apollo seated on omphalos left, holding arrow and bow; aphlaston left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY / /\(
(16)
Antiochus IV
175 - c. 172 BC
AE
unit
Akko-Ptolemais
Obverse:
diademed and radiate head right
Reverse:
veiled goddes facing, holding scepter; BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY
(17)
Antiochus IV
|
Laodice IV
175-172 BC
Obverse:
veiled diademed bust of Laodice IV right
Reverse:
head of elephant left; tripod right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY ?
(18)
Antiochus IX
113-112 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Winged thunderbolt; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ Σ (TN) / *
(19)
Antiochus IX
114-95 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head Zeus right
Reverse:
Turreted Tyche standing left holding rudder and cornucopia, prora below BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // ΦIΛOΠATOPOΣ
(20)
Antiochus IX
114-112 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Dionysos standing left, leaning on thyrsos and holding kantharos; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / ΦIΛO_ΠATOPOΣ E / (NK)
(21)
Antiochus V
164-162 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Zeus seated left, holding Nike and leaning on scepter BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ANTIOXOY, (ΠI) / EYΠATOPOΣ
(22)
Antiochus VI
mid 143-142 BC
Obverse:
Radiate head right, wearing ivy-wreath
Reverse:
Elephant left, torch in trunk, star right, BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // EΠIΦANOYΣ / ∆IONYΣOY, ΣTA
(23)
Antiochus VII
138-137 BC
Obverse:
Diademed bust of Eros right
Reverse:
Headdress of Isis; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EYEPΓETOY, (Δ scepter) branch / EOP
(24)
Antiochus VII
138-137 BC
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Obverse:
Diademed bust of Eros right
Reverse:
Headdress of Isis; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EYEPΓETOY, (Δ scepter) branch / EOP
(25)
Antiochus VII
138-129 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head of Antiochos VII to right
Reverse:
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ANTIOXOY ΕΥΕΡΓΕΤΟΥ / Nike advancing left, holding wreath in her right hand; to outer left, two monograms
(26)
Antiochus VIII
121-114 BC
Obverse:
Radiate head right
Reverse:
Eagle with scepter right; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY / EΠIΦANOYΣ, IE / X ?
(27)
Antiochus VIII
|
Cleopatra Thea
123-122 BC
Obverse:
Radiate head of Antiochus VIII right
Reverse:
Facing owl standing on amphora; BAΣIΛIΣΣHΣ / KΛEOΠATPAΣ // KAI / BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ANTIOXOY // ϘP
(28)
Demetrius I
152-151 BC
Obverse:
diademed head right
Reverse:
cornucopiae; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΔHMHTPIOY / ΣΩTHPOΣ, A / (ΠA) Π / AΞP
(29)
Demetrius II
130-125 BC
Obverse:
Laureated and bearded head of Zeus right
Reverse:
Nike holding wreath and palm branch walking left; BAΣIΛEOΣ / ΔHMHTΡIOΥ / ΘEOΥ NIKATOΡOΣ, ? monogram
(30)
Demetrius II
c. 143-142 BC
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Obverse:
diademed and draped bust right
Reverse:
Eagle standing left on prow left, with palm branch over shoulder; to left, club surmounted by (TYP) monogram; to right, OP (date) above (ΓHP) monogram; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ__ΔΗΜΗΤΡΙΟΥ
(31)
Philip I Philadelphus
88/87-76/75 BC
Obverse:
Diademed head right
Reverse:
Zeus seated left, holding Nike in right crowning him with wreath, long scepter vertical in left BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΦIΛIΠΠOY // EΠIΦANOYΣ / ΦIΛA∆EΛΦOY, N
(32)
Seleukos I
290-281 BC
Obverse:
Winged head of Medusa right, locks of snake-hair protruding from forehead
Reverse:
BASILEWS / SELEYKOY, bull butting right, uncertain control monogram between hind legs
(33)
Seleukos I
296-280 BC
AE
unit
Seleucia on Tigris
Obverse:
Horned and bridled head of horse right
Reverse:
Anchor, BAΣIΛEΩΣ // ΣEΛEYKOY, monogram
(34)
Seleukos I
311-300 BC
Obverse:
Head of Herakles right, wearing lion's skin
Reverse:
BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ, Zeus Aëtophoros seated left; monogram in wreath in left field, HP monogram below throne.
(35)
Tryphon
142-138 BC
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Obverse:
Head of Tryphon facing right, wearing diadem, dotted border
Reverse:
ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΤΡΥΦΩΝΩΣ ΑΥΤΟΚΡΑΤΟΡΟΣ, Spiked Macedonian helmet adorned with ibex horn and cheek guards, aphlaston at inner left