The word denarius is derived from the Latin dēnī "containing ten", as its value was 10 asses, although in the middle of the 2nd century BC it was recalibrated so that it was now worth sixteen asses or four sestertii.
It is the origin of several modern words such as the currency name dinar; it is also the origin for the common noun for money in Italian ('denaro'), in Slovene ('denar'), in Portuguese ('dinheiro'), and in Spanish ('dinero').
Reverse: Togate figure standing left, raising hand, between aquila and fasces. A – POST•A•F – •S•N – ALBIN across fields and in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.13 g
Provenance: CNG 106 (13 September 2017), lot 651. Ex Deyo Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 90, 23 May 2012), lot 1334. Stack’s (9 December 1992), lot 3177.
Reverse: togate figure standing left before flaming altar, holding sprinkler over sacrificial bull, all on stone platform, A·POST ·A·F S·N·(AL)BIN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
According story described by Livy: in Sabina a cattle of admirable size and beauty was born. Animal was sacrificed and his skull (bucranium) was placed in temple of Diana where it commemorate this wonder. The event was considered to be a prophetic sign that town whose citizen sacrifice the animal will rule. Before battle at Regillius Lake Roman citizen (Postumius' ancestor) took the cattle and sacrificed it in the temple of Diana on Aventine.
Reverse: togate figure standing left, extending hand toward legionary eagle right; fasces with axe right A· / (AL)BIN / N·S· / POST·A·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Refers to the praetorship of L. Postumius Albinus over Spain and his successful expeditions against the Vaccaei and Lusitani, and the levying of troops for this campaign.
Reverse: 3 horsmen galloping left (A. Postumius Albus Regillensis); fallen enemy and two standards in front of them; A·(AL)BINVS·S·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right holding goad and reins A·SP(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Victory, holding goad, driving biga right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.75 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.86 g
“This variety is believed to be one of the earliest issues of 53/2 based on its consistent presence (though in small numbers) in early hoards where contents included 53/2 examples. It is nearly always found with a loop under the visor, believed to be an attribute of Sicilian origin. There are no symboled siblings for this group.”
Obverse: There is usually a small loop under the visor in front of the forehead. The loop is often discretely represented as a small lump, other times it is clearly a loop.Tufts at the back of the helmet are very small and close together.
Reverse: More so than any other variety in this issue, the horses appear to be rearing up, rather than galloping forward, particularly the far horse, with forelegs farther above the exergue than on other varieties. The legend ROMA is in a trapezoidal frame. Cape style is Flag-like or Waving. There is nearly always a pointed horse's tail visible between the legs. The horses and riders appear rather small and distant, compared to other varieties.
Exceptions: There are rare examples that are clearly of this style but with horses that are galloping broadly forward rather than rearing up."
Provenance: CNG Electronic auction 408 (25 October 2017), lot 368, from the Andrew McCabe Collection. Ex Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 631.
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; below horses, female head right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.76 g
Provenance: Naville Numismatics, Auction 42 (22 July 2018), lot 392.
Reverse: Luna in prancing biga right; below, fly and ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.65 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.42 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.36 g
Sibling to the "Spearhead series", RRC 88/2.
.png)
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 3.98 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; staff below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.28 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; corn ear below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: victory in triga right holding reins T·(MAL)·A·P CL·Q·(VR)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Mars in quadriga right holding trophy and reins, shield, spear C·(AB)(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.92 g
Reverse: Diana in a biga of stags to right; with quiver over shoulder and holding sceptre and reins in left hand and torch in right; grasshopper below stags, C•ALLI in exergue; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.88 g
"In Roman mythology, Diana was the goddess of the hunt, the moon and childbirth, associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals. Oak groves were especially sacred to her. She was equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, though she had an independent origin in Italy. In myth, Diana was born with her twin brother Apollo on the island of Delos, daughter of Jupiter and Latona. Diana was known to be the virgin goddess of childbirth and women. She was one of the three maiden goddesses, along with Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry."
Provenance: e-Bay sale (November 2017).
Reverse: Diana in biga of stags holding torch and scepter in right hand and reins in left hand; below grasshopper right; C•ALLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins, Q / L·FABI·L·F·HISP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri galloping right; below, puppy right with both fore-feet raised; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.71 g
Reverse: Dioscuri right riding on horses, stars over pilei, each holding spear reins; C·(ANTE)STI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: naked horseman galloping right, holding palm branch and reins dagger? in exergue, C·PISO L F FRVGI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Libertas in quadriga right holding pileus, scepter and reins; C·CASSI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding reins in both hands; C·PVLCHER
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Victory in biga left CALD G
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Moneyer was consul in 94 BC. In 107 BC, he was elected tribune of the plebs and passed a lex tabellaria, which ordained that in the courts of justice the votes should be given by means of tables in cases of high treason. He was a praetor in 100 or 99 BC, and proconsul of Hispania Citerior the following year. This is represented by standard on the obverse along with emblem of the conquered town Clunia.
Reverse: statue of god seated left between two trophies of arms, all on a high lectisternium with front inscribed L·CALDVS / VII·(VIR)·EP(VL) (Lucius Caldus Septemvir Epulo), C·CALDVS on left, IMP·(AV)·X (Imperator Augur Decemvir) on right, C(ALD)VS III VIR below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: tetrastyle temple of Venus Erycina on the top of mount Eryx, Porta Collina (place of Sulla's great victory)*, ERVC
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Distyle temple with two facing statues within; Jupiter, to the left, holding staff, and Libertas, on the right, holding pileus. Above pediment, thunderbolt and pileus. VIII (control mark) in left field; CN•N in right field; C•EGNATIVS•CN•F in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.98 g
This moneyer, a man of somewhat disreputable character, was admitted into the Roman senate, but was subsequently expelled by the censors. Not much more is known about him.
In Catullus love poetry, Cupid and Venus are constantly paired as the patrons of all sensual love and they have maintained the same symbolism even today for people who no longer worship the gods. The bust of Cupid so prominently placed on the obverse of Egnatius coin, depicted with his cherub-like features and armed with a bow whose arrows only wound one's heart with passion and desire, but never kill, is symbolic of peace and the pleasure it brings.
This issue is the only surviving record of the Temple of Jupiter Libertas. The temple of Libertas was built on the Aventine hill ca 246 B.C by the plebeian aediles Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Fundanius. The money to finance the erection of the temple came from fines. The main contributor was Claudia, the sister of the consul of 249 B.C, Publius Claudius Pulcher. On an occasion when she found it hard to make her way through the crowded streets of Rome she exclaimed that she wished her brother was still alive to lose another fleet for the Romans for that would thin out the population a little. That insensitive comment cost her 25.000 asses.
In the course of time the temple came to be better known as the temple of Jupiter Libertas. The original connection between the two deities may be found in the belief that Libertas was the daughter of Jupiter and Juno. Egnatius depiction of the temple shows its true bipartite nature at that time. It was restored by Augustus as part of his grand renovation of Rome.”
Provenance: Purchased from Moruzzi Numismatica (5 March 2018). Ex Varesi 63 (26 November 2013), lot 46.
.jpg)
Reverse: Distyle temple with figures of draped Jupiter and Libertas standing facing within; C EGNATIVS CN F below, CN N upwards to right, control numeral (VIII) to left
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding goad and reins; heron right C·FABI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: war galley left, acrostolium, ram and deck house at prow, three sailors and five oars amidships; deck house, gubernator, rudder, and apluster at stern; C·FO(NT) / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
(9).JPG)
Reverse: Galley left with three rowers, gubernator at stern; C•FONT above, ROMA below
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: Galley left with three rowers, gubernator at stern; C•FONT above, ROMA below.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.7 g
Ex Paul James Collection
Reverse: Gaius Marius with his son as rider riding in triumphal quadriga right. Gaius Marius holds staff and laurel branch, rider holds laurel branch and reins. Q C·FVNDAN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Jupiter in Quadriga right, Holding reins and thunderbolt
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.37 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding thunderbolt and reins
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.95 g
Reverse: attacked boar right, spear in shoulder, hound below, C HOSIDI C F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
(14).jpg)
Reverse: The Calydonian boar standing right, it’s front legs thrust forward, pierced through by a spear and harried by a hound below; C•HOSIDI•C•F in exergue.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.98 g
_2.jpg)
Reverse: Calydonian boar standing right, pierced by spear and harried by hound below; C HOSIDI C F in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.89 g
Ex. Andrew McCabe Collection (CNG Electronic Auction 472; Lot 259); Ex. Numismatica Ars Classica 114 (Part 2; Lot 1326); Ex. Gorny & Mosch 186 (Lot 1798). Notes from Andrew McCabe: "I purchased this coin due to the really exceptional speared boar and dog on the reverse and the very large flan, but later found an example from the collection of Benjamin Nightingale, a well-known 19th century antiquarian. My new coin has a less cute boar, but I had to choose between provenance and art." Andrew's loss is my gain!
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses riding right holding spears reins; stars over their pilei C·IVNI·C·F ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Minerva in quadriga right holding javelin and reins, shield C·LICINIUS·L·F / MACER
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.66 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding whip and reins C. (MA)I(AN)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.39 g
Reverse: Heroic figure standing left, foot on cuirass, holding spear and leaning on tabella divided into two compartments, CMA below, trophy in left field.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: warrior standing half left, foot on cuirass, holding spear; trophy left, grasshopper on prow right; C·M(AL)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Ulysses walking right, holding staff, dog Argus left; C·MAMIL__LIME(TA)N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Desultor right riding two horses, wearing conical cap, holding whip; XXXIII / C·CENSO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: ploughman conducting yoke of two oxen, CXXXV / C·MARI·C·F / S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.06 g
Reverse: Ionic column surmounted by statue; at base, two stalks of grain; on left, L. Minucius Augurinus standing right, holding patera, foot on modius; on right, M. Minucius Faesus standing left, holding lituus. C·A_VG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: Victory right in triga holding reins; XXXIII / C·N(AE)·B(AL)B
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
_2.jpg)
Reverse: Victory in triga right; C NÆ BALB in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.91 g
(13).JPG)
Reverse: Corn ear, fasces and caduceus
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.93 g
Reverse: grain ear, fasces and caduceus
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, holding spear; C·PLVTI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
.jpg)
Reverse: Hound running right; spear below, C•POSTVMI and TA monogram in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.92 g
Provenance: Tauler & Fau Floor Auction 20, (28 November, 2018), lot 112.
Reverse: hound bounding right, hunting spear below; C·POSTVMI / (TA)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Hercules standing left, strangling Nemean Lion; club at his feet, K (control mark) above; bow and arrows in left field; C•POBLICI•Q•F upwards in right field.
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: naked Hercules left strangling Nemean lion; bow with arrows in quiver left, club below; C·POBLICI·Q·F / P
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Juno Caprotina in biga of goats right holding whip, scepter and reins C·RENI ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Two soldiers facing each other, each holding shield and sword upright; C·F C·SE(RVE)IL·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: the Dioscuri riding in opposite directions, heads turned confronting, each with star above his head and holding a spear C·SERVEILI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.6 g
Reverse: the Dioscuri riding in opposite directions, heads turned confronting, each with star above his head and holding a spear; C·SERVEILI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
(0).jpg)
Reverse: The Dioscuri on horseback rearing in opposing directions, heads facing one another, each holding couched spear; stars above, C•SERVEILI•M•F in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.04 g
Reverse: Marcus Servilius Pulex Geminus, consul 202 BC, left fighting a duel on horse, holding spear and shield inscribed with M. Other horseman riding left holding sword and shield; C·SER(VE)IL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Macedonin shield decorated with elephant head right, all within laurel wreath; M·METELLVS·Q·F·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Two soldiers (or Dii Penas Publici) standing facing each other, holding spears and pointing at sow which lies between them C C·SV(LP)ICI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.96 g
The Sulpicii came from Lavinium and both sides of coin are related to it. Di Penates Publici were taken from Troy together with Palladium by Aeneas. When Aeneas fled from Troy Helenus, a son of Priamos, has predicted Aeneas, that he would built a new city where a white sow would cast 30 piglets. Aeneas prepared to sacrifice a pregnant white sow he has brought in his ship for this purpose, but the sow escaped and fled 24 stadiums in the inland, layed down under an oak-tree (or ilex-tree) and casted 30 white piglets. Because of that Aeneas knew that this prophecy too became true and he should built a city here. He sacrificed the 30 piglets and erected a shrine at this place. The new city he called Lavinium referring to Lavinia, daughter of king Latinus. The 30 piglets represented 30 years only after which his successors became the real owners of the new land. At the same time story of white sow predicts foundation of another town: River god Tiber speak to Aeneas in a dream: ".... A sow beneath an oak shall lie along, All white herself, and white her thirty young. When thirty rolling years have run their race, Thy son Ascanius, on this empty space, Shall build a royal town, of lasting fame, Which from this omen shall receive the name. ..." Alba Longa was founded just 30 years after Lavinium and so the prophecy was fulfilled here too. The name Alba Longa is said to be derived from the white sow (meaning the long white). So Lavinium was the mothertown of Alba Longa and finely of Rome itself. On the Forum of Lavinium stood a bronze statue of the sow, its body was conserved by the priests in pickle. (Jochen's coins of mythological interests)
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding whip and reins; FLAC / C·(VAL)·C·F / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Minerva in quadriga right holding trophy and reins, spear C·VIBIVS·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: radiate Jupiter Axurus seated left, holding patera and long scepter, IOVIS·AXVR· C·VIBIVS·C·F·C·N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Minerva, helmeted and draped, standing right, holding spear in right hand and Victory in extended left; shield at side, C • VIBIVS downward to right, VARVS downward to left.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.67 g
Provenance: Heritage Auctions - Long Beach Expo World & Ancient Coins Signature Auction Session 5 (September 5-9 2019), lot 155. Coin Galleries: The Numismatic Review and Fixed Price List (May - June, 1960), lot A371.
Reverse: naked Hercules standing left, resting right hand on club set on ground, lion skin in the left hand; C•VIBIVS / VARVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: wreathed scepter, globe, rudder, EX S·C / CN·LEN·Q
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
mint in Spain. Moneyer struck this coin as questor of proconsul Pompey when he was sent to support Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius in lenghty war against Sertorius in Spain. Moneyer became consul in 56 BC.
Probably struck in late 75 BD in Taras or Brundisium, perhaps the fund of choice to pay local shipping contractors to ferry armies across the Adriatic and back
Reverse: The Capitoline Triad: Jupiter, holding sceptre and thunderbolt, standing facing between Juno and Minerva / Π in field, ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.49 g
(25).jpg)
Reverse: Jupiter standing facing, holding sceptre and thunderbolt, between Juno and Minerva, the latter crowning Jupiter with wreath; palm branch in central field, dolphin in right field, ROMA (divided by eagle) in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.03 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins, man attacking lion with spear below ROMA CN·DOM
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Mars and Nerio in quadriga right; Mars holding Nerio and shield CN·GEL ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, stars over pilei, holding spear and reins; CN·LVCR / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: CN•LVCR / ROMA - The Dioscuri riding right, each holding a couched lance, stars above, CN•LVCR below.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.94 g
Reverse: aquila between signum of Hastati and signum of Princeps; L·LE(NT) // C·(MA)RC // H__P / COS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
.jpg)
Reverse: Cretan goat standing right; quiver and bow in left field.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 3.86 g
Cn. Plancius became friends with Cicero during Ciceros exile in Macedonia, and in 55 BC, after being elected to the curule aedileship, was defended by Cicero against charges of electoral corruption. The obverse and reverse types refer to his activities in Macedonia and Crete."
Provenance: Bertolami Fine Arts, E-Live Auction 49 (12 November 2017), lot 774.
Reverse: agrimi standing right, bow and quiver left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Victory in biga galloping right X D·SILANVS·L·F / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
.jpg)
Reverse: Three military trophies between capis and lituus; FAVSTVS monogram in exergue
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 2.61 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right, crescent above head; murex shell above PVR ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.2 g
_4(0).jpg)
Reverse: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis (surmounted by wolf's head), and apex
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Reverse: sacrificial implements - simpulum (laddle), sprinkler, axe, apex (priest's hat)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
moving mint (Cisalpine Gaul or Hispania). Oldschool interpretation of iconography is that elephant symbolize powerful Caesar and snake his enemies but this view must be revised. According to Harlan the Caesar's issue is reaction to the Acilius' with Salus holding snake which was in fact struck in 50 BC. Salus with snake represent health of the Republic. "Dio Cassius made it clear that the most vehement enemy of Caesar in the Senate debates of 50 was Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio who put forward the motion that Caesar be declared a public enemy if he did not disband his troops. Caesar said that the Senate was intimated by threats from Pompey’s friends and reluctantly adopted Scipio’s proposal. Caesar put much of the blame for the civil war on Scipio who had become Pompey’s father-in-law in 52 and had shared the consulship with Pompey that year. Recounting the reasons for the civil war, Caesar was careful to avoid blaming Pompey directly and he claimed that Pompey had been led astray and corrupted (depravatum) by Caesar’s enemies who were jealous of his glory, while he himself had always promoted Pompey’s honor and dignity. …….. With a very clever, yet simple, turn on the Pompeian propaganda of Acilius’ coin, the snake has been taken from the hands of Valetudo and trampled by the Metellan elephant. Caesar showed Rome that Metellus Scipio and his supporters were the true threat to the health and safety of the Republic, the true cause of the civil war." Sacrificial implements reminds Caesar as Pontifex Maximus.
Reverse: sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, capis (jug), lituus, AVGVR / PONT·MAX / M
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
moving mint (Africa or Sicily). Ceres symbolizes Africa as granary of Rome. M on reverse means munus - payment for soldier's service. These coins probably served to pay Caesar's veterans after battle of Thapsus.
Reverse: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis (surmounted by wolf's head), and apex.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.82 g
.png)
Reverse: Gallic trophy, holding oval shield and carnyx; securis surmounted by wolf’s head to right
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.87 g
