In 43 AD, Claudius directed four legions to invade Britain and restore an exiled king over the Atrebates. The Romans defeated the Catuvellauni, and then organized their conquests as the Province of Britain.
By the year 47, the Romans held the lands southeast of the Fosse Way. Control over Wales was delayed by reverses and the effects of Boudica's uprising, but the Romans expanded steadily northward.
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Reverse:
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
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Reverse: LAETITIA AVG, galley right, with mast and six oars; QC in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.7 g
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Reverse: VIRTVS AVG, Galley rowing left; QC mint mark in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.23 g
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Reverse: VIRTVS AVG, galley left, with mast and five oars; QL in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.58 g
Roma Numismatics Auction XIX; Lot 910, Ex. Frank Reinhardt Collection; Bt. Marc Walter Ancient Coins, 2017; Ex. H.D. Rauch Auction 102 (2016); Lot 513, Ex. Bankhaus Aufhäuser Auktion 11 (1995); Lot 420
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Reverse: PROVID AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia; S-P across fields, C in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.19 g
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Reverse: PROVIDE AV, Providentia standing left, holding spear and cornucopiae; C in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.82 g
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Reverse: PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and vertical sceptre; ML in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.89 g
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Reverse: LAETIT AVG, Laetitia standing facing, head left, holding wreath and anchor; C in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.53 g
Leu notes that this interesting coin is struck in good silver, which is very unusual for the radiates of Carausius; typically they are of a much baser metal. They suggest that it may have functioned as a trial strike for the very rare denarii from the ‘C’ mint.
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Reverse: PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and vertical sceptre; F-O across fields, ML in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 5.07 g
Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1329; Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection; Ex. British Museum Collection (duplicate; exchanged for an antoninianus of Gallienus in 1969); Ex. Linchmere Hoard (1925)
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Reverse: ADVENTVS AVG, emperor on horseback riding left, with right hand raised and holding sceptre, trampling captive seated left below hoof
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.51 g
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Reverse: LEG IIXX PRIMIG, Capricorn left; ML in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Reverse: COMITI - AVGG NN, Sol standing left, holding globe and whip
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: -
Reverse: BEAT TRA - NQLITAS, Altar with VO / TIS / XX inscribed on three lines, globe on top, three stars above
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: -
Reverse: SARMATIA - DEVICTA, Victory advancing right, holding trophy and palm branch, trampling captive on ground to right
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
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Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories standing facing each other, holding between them shield, inscribed VOT PR in two lines, resting on altar ornamented with diamond pattern; five dots within, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.47 g
Reverse: SOLI INV-I-CTO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys draped over left shoulder, holding up globe and right hand high. Star in left field, Mintmark PLN.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.06 g
Reverse: two Victories facing each other, holding VOT/PR within shield on cippus decorated with wreath; VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / PLN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
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Reverse: ADVEN-TVS AVG, emperor, with right hand raised, holding spear over shoulder with left, on horse pawing seated captive to left; star in right field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.69 g
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Reverse: COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, chlamys falling from left shoulder, right hand holding up globe, left whip; star in right field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.12 g
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Reverse: BEAT TRA-NQLITAS, globe set upon altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; three stars above, PLON in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 2.96 g
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Reverse: PRINCIPI IV-VENTVTIS, Prince standing left, cloak hanging from left shoulder, right hand holding globe, left reversed spear; star in right field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.8 g
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Reverse: PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, Constantine standing facing, head left, in military dress, holding signum in each hand; PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 7.19 g
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Reverse: MARTI CONSERVATORI, Mars standing right, holding spear and shield; star in left field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.33 g
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Reverse: SECVRITAS AVGG, Securitas standing facing, head left, legs crossed, with right hand on head and left arm leaning on column; star in left field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.61 g
Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 69; Lot 1204. This coin was part of a hoard of 3,442 coins discovered on the 22nd March 1970 by a detectorist just south of the village of Bourton-on-the-Water in Gloucestershire, England. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of a Roman settlement nearby; the village was located on a major Roman road, the Fosse way linking Cirencester to Leicester, and would have been an ideal location for a posting station. The main hoard, containing 2,707 coins, was found in a field adjoining the Fosse Way and hidden 45cm below ground level. It was beneath flat stones and in a spherical mass that suggested their owner had buried them inside a bag. A further 735 coins were found scattered in the vicinity. The hoard consisted mainly of coins of Constantine I, and over half of the coins in the hoard (1,882) were struck at the London mint. The coin types present suggest that the hoard was assembled early in the reign of Constantine I, sometime between AD 317 and 319. This particular coin is rare, and the only one of it’s type in the BoW hoard. For another example, struck from the same dies, see CNG Mail Bid Sale 75; Lot 1139.
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Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left with chlamys across left shoulder, right hand raised, left hand holding globe; S in left field, F in right field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.83 g
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Reverse: MARTI PATRI PROPVG, Mars advancing right, holding transverse spear and shield
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 6.86 g
Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP / VOT - PR / PLN - Two Victories standing, facing holding shield inscribed VOT-PR over decorated altar with vertical •••••• on it (Helv. 10). Mintmark PLN.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: BEATA TRA - NQVILLITAS, Altar with VOT / IS / XX inscribed on three lines, globe on top, three stars above
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: -
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Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS, globe on altar inscribed VOTIS XX in three lines; three stars above, PLON in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.82 g
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Reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, standard inscribed VOT XX with captive seated on ground to either side; PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.25 g
Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1612)
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Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, camp gate with two turrets; star above, pellet in doorway, PLON in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.99 g
Reverse: Rev: PROVIDEN-TIAE CAESS - Campgate, 5 layers, 2 turrets, star above, no door. Mintmark PLON.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.15 g
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Reverse: MEMORIA FELIX, lighted altar adorned with garlands, eagle standing on either side; P LN in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 5.54 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.23 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.09 g
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Reverse: SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, right hand raised, left hand holding up globe; S-P across fields, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.32 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.14 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.31 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and corncopiae
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 10.38 g
A very unusual style of bust on this wonderful medallic coin from the London mint. After consulting with Lee Toone i'm going with CT 2.01.003 (8), but there are so many subtle variations in style during this period. "A fine example of this coarser style probably engraved by an Allectan engraver learning how to adapt to the larger canvas of the new (for Britannia) nummi" (Lee Toone - 20.07.20). Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1394)
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Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia standing right, extending right hand to Quies who stands to left holding branch and sceptre
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 11.02 g
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.85 g
Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; LON in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.79 g
This coin came from the ‘Rauceby hoard’ that was uncovered on 9th July 2017 by two metal detectorists in Lincolnshire, UK. Interestingly, the pot that the coins were found in was buried in the centre of a large oval pit that had been lined with quarried limestone. The pot appeared to have been carefully placed onto the limestone base, and then packed all around with additional pieces of limestone all the way to the top of the pit. The Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) in Lincolnshire at the time (Dr Adam Daubney) has described this as being evidence of so-called ‘ritual’ hoarding, where the coins were used as part of a ceremonial or votive offering. The majority of the coins in the hoard cover the rule of the first tetrarchy of Diocletian/Maximian as Augusti and Constantius/Galerius as Caesars. The hoard ends with the second and third tetrarchies and does not contain any coins of Constantine I issued after he was elevated to the rank of Augustus in December 307. Therefore this would date the burial of the hoard to around AD 307. There are similarities between the Rauceby hoard and the Wold Newton hoard that was discovered near York and was deposited at a similar time. It has been said that both hoards could possibly be tied to the ascension of Constantine as Emperor in York around 307. The British Museum catalogued the coins and disclaimed 2,734 of these in January 2020. This coin was one of 14 LON coins in the hoard (of which the British Museum kept three) and one of five Diocletian LON coins. It weighed 10.77g prior to being cleaned. It is hoped that the British Museum will publish a catalogue of the coins in the near future. For further details & images of the hoard in situ go to: http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/55136
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Reverse: Disjointed horse left, with rectangular head, body of crescents, four vertical legs, three roughly horizontal lines for tail; pellet below; twelve pellets above
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.99 g
Reverse:
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 1.35 g
Reverse: CIVITAS DVREME - Long cross pattée with three pellets in each angle.
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 1.16 g
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON - Long cross pattée with three pellets in each angle.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 0.5 g
Reverse: SALVS REIPVBLICAE, Empress standing facing, looking left, head veiled, holding two children in her arms
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: -
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Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.57 g
Reverse: ROB ERT ONC ANT /
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.33 g
Reverse:
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.47 g
Reverse: NIC/OLC/ONL/VND / voided long cross, with trefoil in each quarter
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
From The Brussels Hoard Type 3d1
Reverse: +IOAN ON CANTE - Short cross voided with quatrefoil in each angle.
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 1 g
Reverse: CIVITAS LONDON - Long cross pattée dividing the legend, with three pellets in each angle.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 0.43 g
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Reverse: Stylised horse prancing right, with grain ear mane; [pelletal sun above], reversed S before, pellet triad, line of three pellets and [obscured monogram] below
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 1.24 g
Before the Romans arrived Britain was shared by several Celtic tribes; the Iceni being centred on the Norfolk area (but also occupying surrounding parts of Suffolk and Cambridgeshire). The Iceni are probably best known as the tribe that, united with the Trinovantes (from the area north east of London), ran riot over Roman rule under their warrior queen Boudicca. This coin, whose Celtic name has never been discovered, is simply referred to as a ‘silver unit’. It is tiny at just 14mm diameter and weighing in at 1.24g. All of these coins weighed the same (1.25g); a standard which was maintained for over 100 years to an extremely small tolerance, an amazing techical achievement for the time. As with all Celtic coinage the design is somewhat abstract. On the obverse is an ornate pattern, resembling 2 C’s back to back across an ornate belt, with patterns around. This has been progressively derived from the hair & laurel head band of Apollo on Greek coins, whose face has since disappeared. The reverse shows a horse galloping towards the right, a dotted wheel above it’s back, and various dots around. The charioteer has disappeared, and what remains of the chariot is the wheel floating above. Some of the dots and symbols are not mere random decoration but part of a series of coded control marks, probably denoting the issuing mint and moneyer. The coins were struck on concave blanks which were only about two-thirds of the size of the dies, so the entire design is never seen on one specimen.
Reverse: Celticised horse left, 6 pellets on shoulder, floral pellets Sun above, ECEN (retrograde) below.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 1.09 g
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Reverse: GENIO POU ROM, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; star in right field, PLN in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.87 g
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Reverse: PAX AVGGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre; S-P across fields, MLXXI in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.78 g
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Reverse: Pax standing half left holding palm branch and long scepter; PAX__A_VGGG/ S_P / MLXXI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: GENIO - POP ROM, Genius standing left, tower on head, holding patera and cornucopiae
Die Orientation: 8 H
Weight: -
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Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, naked Genius standing left, modius on head, holding patera and cornucopiӕ
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 8.07 g
Reverse: + LEOFþOLD M-O LVND - Voided long cross.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 1.04 g