Nevertheless, trade thrived in Chalcedon; the town flourished and built many temples, including one to Apollo, which had an oracle. It was partly destroyed by Mithridates. The governor of Bithynia, Cotta, had fled to Chalcedon for safety along with thousands of other Romans. Three thousand of them were killed, sixty ships captured, and four ships destroyed in Mithridates' assault on the city. During the Empire, Chalcedon recovered, and was given the status of a free city. It fell under the repeated attacks of the barbarian hordes who crossed over after having ravaged Byzantium.
Chalcedon suffered somewhat from its proximity to the new imperial capital at Constantinople. First the Byzantines and later the Ottoman Turks used it as a quarry for building materials for Constantinople's monumental structures. It came definitively under Ottoman rule under Orhan Gazi a century before the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople.
Modern location: Kadıköy, Turkey
Reverse: Zeus enthroned left, holding eagle and scepter AΛEΞANΔPOY
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Athena Nikephoros seated left; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΛYΣIMAXOY, monogram (ΠΩΛYB) to left; BY below throne, trident in exergue
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.89 g
Reverse: Athena enthroned left, holding Nike with wreath, transverse spear, resting hand on shield; BAΣIΛEΩΣ / ΛYΣIMAXOY // AΣ / KAΛXA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17.1 g
Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΛYΣIMAΧOY / Athena seated left, holding Nike and resting elbow on shield at side, spear leaning against far shoulder; ΔI in inner left field
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 16.83 g
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Reverse: prow left; ΣAΛ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.4 g
Reverse: Apollo holding patera and branch; KAΛXAΔO_NIΩN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 9.65 g