The Denier denomination
The denier was a medieval denomination named after the earlier denarius. It was originally a Frankish coin first issued in the late seventh century. In English it is sometimes referred to as a silver penny.

Its appearance represents the end of gold coinage, which, at the start of Frankish rule, had either been Byzantine or pseudo-imperial. Silver would be the basis for Frankish coinage from then on.

The denier was minted in France and parts of the Italian peninsula for the whole of the Middle Ages, in states such as the patriarchate of Aquileia, the Kingdom of Sicily, the Republic of Genoa, the Republic of Siena, and the crusader state Kingdom of Jerusalem, among others.
Denier
(1) Bohemond III | Bohemond IV
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/combine_images.jpg7(0).jpg
An AR Denier struck c. 1149-1233 AD in Antioch
Obverse: BOAMANDVS / Helmeted bust left, crescent in front star behind

Reverse: ANTIOCHIA around cross downward crescent in 2nd quarter

Diameter: -
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
No notes for this coin
No references provided for this coin
European Medieval (Crusader States)
(2) Fulk IV | Fulk V
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/0047-B.jpg
An AR Denier struck 11-12th Century in Angers
Obverse: +FVLCO COMES, Cross at center with Alpha and Omega in the 3rd and 4th quadrants

Reverse: +VRBS AIDCCSuncertain symbol, Fulk monogram at center

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 0.77 g

Count of Anjou, France
AR Denier, Angers mint

Dated to the reign of Fulk IV-Fulk V, some have argued as late as the succeeding Geoffrey V Plantagenet

Fulk V would go on to be a crusader under the Knights Templar and eventually King of Jerusalem from 1131-1143

These people are possibly my Great x28, x27, and x26 Grandfathers respectively.

Translations

Obverse: "Count Fulk"
Reverse:"City of Angers"

Roberts 4114
European Medieval (Kingdom of France)
(3) Henry II of Cyprus
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/HenryII(0).jpg
An AR Denier struck 1285 - 1306 AD in Cyprus
Obverse: Cross pattée in a solid ring with inscription around it. Solid ring on the rim.

Reverse: Lion of Cyprus facing left and in a ring. Inscription around it and another ring on the rim.

Diameter: -
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
No notes for this coin
No references provided for this coin
European Medieval (Crusader States)
(4) Hugh V | Duke of Burgundy
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/hugh.jpg
An AR Denier struck 1305-1315 AD in an unknown location
Obverse:

Reverse:

Diameter: -
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
No notes for this coin
No references provided for this coin
European Medieval (Kingdom of France)
(5) Richard I
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/IMG_5329-horz.jpg
An AR Denier struck 1172-1189 in Bordeaux?
Obverse: +|RICA|RDVS|ω.in two lines across field, cross above, ω below.

Reverse: +AQVITANIE, Cross pattee within inner circle.

Diameter: 18.51 mm
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0.86 g
Silver Denier as Duke of Aquitane. Richard I (1157-1199), known also as Richard the Lionheart, was the second son of Henry II. He became Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou in 1172, but was later forced to surrender Aquitaine to his mother, Eleanor by 1185. Richard became King of England on Henry's death in 1189, but spent little of his reign in England, because he was either on crusade or held prisoner. He was killed at the siege of Chalus in France in 1199.All of the coins minted in England during Richard's reign are of a design introduced by his father and carry the name Henry. The only coins to have Richard's name on them were minted in France.
Elias 4; Poey d
European Medieval (Kingdom of England)
(6) Richard I
/Files/Images/Coinsite/CoinDB/Løvehjerte.jpg
An AR Denier struck 1189-1199 AD in Poitou Comte
Obverse: + RICARDVS REX; around Cross

Reverse: PIC / TAVIE / NSIS in three lines

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.94 g
The coins struck by Richard the Lionheart in his French possession are the only coins to bear his name. His English coinage was struck in the name of his father HENRICVS. Richard I was a key leader in the Third Crusade. He captured Cyprus, and aided in the capture of Acre in 1191 AD. He also defeated Saladin's forces at the Battle of Arsuf in Septemberof 1191, and fought the great kurdish general to a stalemate. He and Saladin finally came to a settlement in September 1192 AD which included an agreement allowing Christian access to Jerusalem. It also included a three-year truce.
B. 424; P.A. 2505; Elias 8; D. 920
European Medieval (Kingdom of England)