Before its annexation to the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great in sixth century BC, Bactria belonged to the Medes and together with Margiana, formed the twelfth satrapy of Persia. After Darius III had been defeated by Alexander the Great, the satrap of Bactria, Bessus, attempted to organise a national resistance but was captured by other warlords and delivered to Alexander.
After Alexander's death, the area was ruled by the Seleucid Empire, but a satrap of Bactria, Diodotus I, eventually had the opportunity to declare independence about 245 BC. He was the founder of the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom.
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Reverse: Poseidon
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
Reverse: owl standing right, grape bunch over tail; olive sprig and crescent above; AΘE
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17 g
Reverse: eagle standing left, head right, grape cluster on vine with leaf above
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: owl standing right, grape bunch over tail; prow above AΘE
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 8.2 g
Reverse: owl standing right, olive sprig and crescent above; all within incuse square; AΘE
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 17 g
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Reverse: Diademed bust of king right Rev.: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΕΥΚΡΑΤΙΔΟΥ (Two pilei surmounted by stars and two palm branches), monogram in field
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 0.64 g