Coins from 59-44 BC
This category covers the coins minted from the first consulate of Caesar in 59 BC and until the Ides of March in 44 BC.

While the official coins of the late Republic were still minted under the control of the moneyers, it became more and more common practice for imperators to coin their own money to pay their troops and for propaganda purposes.
59-44 BC
M. Nonius Sufenas was one of the moneyers for the year 59 BC. He was later Praetor in 55 BC.

Gens Nonia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Its members first appear in history toward the end of the Republic.

The first of the Nonii to obtain the consulship was Lucius Nonius Asprenas in 36 BC. From then until the end of the fourth century, they regularly held the highest of...
M. Aemilius Scaurus was Aedilis Curulis in 58 BC, and struck coin in that respect. He was Praetor in 56 BC and Proparaetor of Sardinia in 55 BC.

He was the son of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus and Caecilia Metella Dalmatica. Scaurus lost his father when he was very young, but his education was insured by several other family friends. Pompey the Great was briefly married to his sister Aemilia...
C. Servilius C.f. was one of the moneyers for the year 57 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Servilia was a patrician family at Rome. The gens was celebrated during the early ages of the Republic, and the names of few gentes appear more frequently at this period in the consular Fasti. It continued to produce men of influence in the state down to the latest times of the Republic, and ev...
C. Considius Nonianus was one of the moneyers for the year 57 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Considia was a plebeian family at Rome. None of the members of this gens ever obtained any higher office in the state than the praetorship, and are, with one exception, mentioned only in the last century of the Republic.

Nonianus implies a connection with the gens Nonia, althoug...
Lucius Marcius Philippus was one of the moneyers for the year 56 BC, and was elected suffect consul in 38 BC.

He was step-brother to the future emperor Augustus. Nevertheless, he did not declare himself openly for his step-brother against MarcusAntonius.

By 35 BC, he was appointed the proconsular governor of one of the two provinces of Hispania.[5] After serving there for two...
Faustus Cornelius Sulla was one of the moneyers for the year 56 BC. He was Quaestor in 54 B.

Faustus was the only surviving son of the Dictator of Rome Lucius Cornelius Sulla and his fourth wife Caecilia Metella, and thus a member of one of the most ancient patrician families, the Cornelii. After his father's death in 78 BC, he and his twin sister Fausta were brought up by his guardian,...
C. Memmius was one of the moneyers for the year 56 BC. He was later Tribunis Plebis in 54 BC.

Gens Memmia was a plebeian family at Rome. The first member of the gens to achieve prominence was Gaius Memmius Gallus, praetor in 173 BC. From the period of the Jugurthine War to the age of Augustus they contributed numerous tribunes to the Republic.

The poet Vergilius linked the fa...
Quintus Cassius Longinus was one of the moneyers for the year 55 BC.

He served as a quaestor of Pompey in Hispania Ulterior in 54 BC, and in 49 BC, as tribune of the people, he strongly supported the cause of Caesar. As a reward, he was appointed governor of Hispania Ulterior. He treated the provincials with great cruelty, and his appointment (48 BC) to take the field against Juba I ...
P. Fonteius Capito was one of the moneyers for the year 55 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Fonteia was a plebeian family at Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned toward the end of the third century BC; Titus Fonteius was a legate of Publius Cornelius Scipio during the Second Punic War. The first of the Fonteii to obtain the consulship was Gaius Fonteius Capito, consul suffe...
Publius Licinius Crassus was one of the moneyers for the year 55 BC, and one of two sons of Marcus Licinius Crassus

Publius Crassus served under Julius Caesar in Gaul from 58 to 56 BC. Too young to receive a formal commission from the senate, Publius distinguished himself as a commanding officer in campaigns among the Armorican nations (Brittany) and in Aquitania. He was highly regarded...
A. Plautius was Aedilis Curulis in 55 BC and struck coins in that respect, alongside his colleague for the year, Cn. Plancius. He served as Tribunis Plebis in 56 BC, and Praetor in 51 BC.

Gens Plautia was a plebeian gens that probably came from Privernum. The first member of the gens Plautia to reach consular rank was Gaius Plautius Proculus, who became consul in 358 BCE and was magiste...
Cn. Plancius aedilus curilis in 55 BC, alongside A. Plautius.

The office of the aedilis was generally held by young men intending to follow the cursus honorum to high political office, traditionally after their quaestorship but before their praetorship. It was not a compulsory part of the cursus, but it was an advantageous position to hold because it demonstrated the aspiring politician...
Marcus Junius Brutus was a politician of the late Roman Republic, who took a leading role in the assassination of Julius Caesar. He struck coins for the first time in 54 BC, under the name of Q. Servilius Caepio Brutus.

Originally, Brutus was close to Julius Caesar, but Caesar's attempts to assume greater power for himself put him at greater odds with the Roman elite and members of the ...
Q. Pompeius Rufus was one of the moneyers for the year 54 BC. He later served as Tribunis Plebis in 52 BC.

Gens Pompeia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome, first appearing in history during the second century BC, and frequently occupying the highest offices of the Roman state from then until imperial times. The first of the Pompeii to obtain the consulship was Quintus Pompeius in 141...
M. Valerius Messala was one of the moneyers for the year 53 BC. He was the son of Marcus Valerius Messalla Rufus, who was consul in 53 BC.

Taking no part in the civil war and the political upheavals of the Second Triumvirate, in 32 BC he was appointed suffect consul after both consuls left Rome to join Marcus Antonius in Ephesus, following Caesar Octavianus’ attack on Gaius Sosius and M...
L. Vinicius was one of the moneyers for the year 52 BC.

Vinicius was a Novus homo whose family originated at Cales in Campania, and who were members of the Roman equestrian order. A supporter of Julius Caesar, he was elected Plebeian Tribune for 51 BC, during which time he vetoed an anti-Caesarean resolution of the Senate.

His support for Caesar and then Augustus saw him appo...
Caius Coelius Caldus was one of the moneyers for the year 51 BC.

Coelius Caldus was the grandson of the moneyer from 104 BC, and struck coins bearing his portrait, and honoured two other ancestors with the same name.

Gens Caelia or Coelia was a plebeian family at Rome. In manuscripts the nomen is usually written Caelius, while on coins it generally occurs in the form of Coeli...
Servius Sulpicius was one of the moneyers for the year 51 BC. Heis not otherwise known.

Gens Sulpicia was one of the most ancient patrician families at Rome, and produced a succession of distinguished men, from the foundation of the Republic to the imperial period. The first member of the gens who obtained the consulship was Servius Sulpicius Camerinus Cornutus, in 500 BC, only nine yea...
Publius Cornelius Lentulus Marcellinus was one of the moneyers for the year 50 BC. His namesake was moneyer in 100 BC.

Lentulus Marcellinus was a commander under Julius Caesar, and was later Consul when the Senate transferred power to Emperor Augustus.

The cognoment 'Lentulus' was associated with Gens Cornelia, and literally means 'slow'.
Q. Sicinius was one of the moneyers for the year 49 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Sicinia was a plebeian family of Rome. Ancient documentation places the name in use during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. This Latin name in its masculine adoptive form evolved into the modern Italian word Sicignano, a town in Salerno and surname dominant in Southern Italy, especially in Ca...
Cn. Nerius was Quaestor Urbanus for the year 49 BC, and stuck coins in that respect. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Neria was a minor plebeian family at Rome. Nerius' Quaestorship is the first mention of the family, and few if any others are known to have held Roman magistracies. Many Nerii are known from inscriptions. A coin issued by Nerius depicts the head of Saturn on the obverse,...
Mn. Acilius Glabrio was one of the moneyers for the year 49 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Acilia was a plebeian family at Ancient Rome, that flourished from the middle of the third century BC until at least the fifth century AD, a period of seven hundred years. The first of the gens to achieve prominence was Gaius Acilius Glabrio, who was quaestor in 203 and tribune of the plebs i...
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman politician and general who played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

His victories in the Gallic Wars, completed by 51 BC, extended Rome's territory to the English Channel and the Rhine. These achievements granted him unmatched military power. Civil war resulted, and Caesar's victo...
C. Coponius was Praetor in 49 BC, and struck coins in that respect jointly with a moneyer for the year, Q. Sicinius.

He was formerly an officer under Crassus. He was a supporter of Pompeius Magnus. In 43 BC, he was proscribed by the Triumvirate, but was subsequently pardoned, and came to be regarded as a greatly respected member of the Senate.

Gens Coponia was a plebeian fam...
Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus was Consul of the Roman Republic in 49 BC, an opponent of Caesar and supporter of Pompeius in the Civil War during 49 – 48 BC.

He was an active and vocal participant in the increasingly hysterical scenes in the senate in late 50 and January 49 as Caesar sought to secure a safe consulship whilst a reactionary group of senators sought to have him stripped of...
Gaius Claudius Marcellus (Maior) was a Consul of the Roman Republic in 49 BC. He is known to historians as C. Claudius Marcellus Major to distinguish him from his homonymous cousin (with whom he is readily confused), Gaius Claudius Marcellus Minor, one of the Consuls of the previous year.

In 50 BCE Marcellus was elected consul for the following year alongside Lentulus Crus, as opponents...
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic.

Pompey's immense success as a general while still very young enabled him to advance directly to his first consulship without meeting the normal requirements for office. His success as a military commander in Sulla's second civil war resulted in Sulla bestowing the nickname Magnus, "the Great", upon h...
Cn. Calpurnius Piso was Proquaestor in 49 BC, and struck coins jointly with Pompeius Magnus. He was later appointed as the replacement consul in 23 BC.

A defender of the traditional senatorial elite and an opponent of the First Triumvirate, he first came to notice sometime during the 50 BCs when he prosecuted Gaius Manilius Crispus, a Plebeian Tribune who was in the employ of Gnaeus Pom...
M. Terentius Varro was Proquaestor in 49 BC, and struck coins jointly with Pompeius Magnus. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Terentia was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Dionysius mentions a Gaius Terentilius Arsa, tribune of the plebs in 462 BC, but Livy calls him Terentilius, and from inscriptions this would seem to be a separate gens. No other Terentii appear in history until the t...
L. Hostilius Saserna was one of the moneyers for the year 48 BC - he is not otherwise known.

The gens Hostilia was an ancient family at Rome, which traced its origin to the time of Romulus. The most famous member of the gens was Tullus Hostilius, the third King of Rome; however, all of the Hostilii known from the time of the Republic were plebeians.

Saserna may be a non-Latin...
Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus was consul of the Roman Republic in 43 BC.

Although supporting Gaius Julius Caesar during the Civil War, he pushed for the restoration of the Republic upon Caesar’s death. He died of injuries sustained at the Battle of Forum Gallorum.

The cognomen 'Pansa' literally means 'splay-footed', so an ancestor probably possessed this trait to a noticabl...
D. Junius Brutus Albinus was a Roman politician and general who struck coins 48 BC, during the civil war. He should not be confused with the more famous Brutus among the conspirators, Marcus Brutus.

He served in Caesar's army during the Gallic wars and was given the command of the fleet in 56 BC, and succeeded in destroying the Veneti's fleet. He also served against Vercingetorix in 52 ...
Lucius Plautius Plancus was one of the moneyers for the year 47 BC.

He was adopted into the Plautia gens, and was the brother of Lucius Munatius Plancus.

Plautius Plancus was proscribed and executed in 43 BC. His brother would go on to become one of the classic historical examples of men who have managed to survive very dangerous circumstances by constantly shifting their all...
A. Licinius Nerva was one of the moneyers for the year 47 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Licinia was a celebrated plebeian family at Rome, which appears from the earliest days of the Republic until imperial times, and which eventually obtained the imperial dignity. The first of the gens to obtain the consulship was Gaius Licinius Calvus Stolo, who, as tribune of the plebs from 376 ...
Caius Antius C.f. Restio was one of the moneyers for the year 47 BC. He was proscribed in 43 BC.

Gens Antia was a plebeian family at Roman, which seems to have been of considerable antiquity. The first member of the gens to come to prominence was Spurius Antius, one of four ambassadors sent to Lars Tolumnius, the king of Veii in 438 BC. The family was not especially important during the...
A. Allienus was a politician and general of ancient Rome. He was a friend of Cicero's, who spoke of him in high terms. He was the legate of Cicero's brother Quintus Tullius Cicero in the Roman province of Asia in 60 BC, and praetor in 49 BC. In the following year, he had the province of Sicilia, and sent to Julius Caesar, who was then in the province of Africa, a large body of troops. He continued...
Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Cornelianus Scipio Nasica was a Roman consul and military commander in the Late Republic.

During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), he remained a staunch optimate.

He led troops against Caesar's forces, mainly in the battles of Pharsalus and Thapsus, where he was defeate...
P. Licinius Crassus Junianus was Legatus Propraetor in 47-46 BC, and struck coins jointly with Metellus Scipio.

A Legatus Pro Praetore was an ex-consul, who was given the governorship of a Roman province with the magisterial powers of a praetor, which in some cases gave him command of four or more legions. A legatus was entitled to twelve lictors who carried out punishments with fasces ...
Marcus Eppius was Legatus Fisci Castrensis in 47-46 BC, and struck coins jointly with Metellus Scipio.

He was a Roman senator, who took an active part in favour of Pompeius on the breaking out of the Civil War in 49 BC. He was one of the legates of Quintus Metellus Scipio in the African war, and was pardoned by Caesar, with many others of his party, after the Battle of Thapsus. Afterwa...
Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis, commonly known as Cato the Younger (Cato Minor) to distinguish him from his great-grandfather (Cato the Elder), was a statesman in the late Roman Republic, and a follower of the Stoic philosophy.

A noted orator, he is remembered for his stubbornness and tenacity (especially in his lengthy conflict with Julius Caesar), as well as his immunity to bribes, hi...
Mn. Cordius Rufus is the only known member of Cordia gens. Later he served as praetor and proconsul under Octavian.

The cognomen 'Rufus' means red, reddish or red-faced - and was one of the most common Roman bynames.
Titus Carisius was one of the moneyers for the year 46 BC.

Carisius is possibly identical to the Carisius who defeated the Astures in Hispania in 25 BC, and took their chief town, Lancia.

In consequence of his cruelty and insolence, the Astures took up arms again in 22.
C. Considius Paetus was one of the moneyers for the year 46 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Considia was a plebeian family at Rome. None of the members of this gens ever obtained any higher office in the state than the praetorship, and are, with one exception, mentioned only in the last century of the Republic.

The cognomina of this gens are Gallus, Longus, Nonianus, and ...
Aulus Hirtius was Praetor in 46 BC, and struck coins jointly with Julius Caesar in that respect.

He was a legate of Julius Caesar's starting around 58 BC and served as an envoy to Pompey in 50. It was reported that Hirtius dined with Caesar, Sallust, Oppius, Balbus and Sulpicius Rufus on the night after Caesar's famous crossing over the Rubicon river into Italy on 10 January 49 BC. Afte...
M. Publicius was Legatus Propraetor in 46-45 BC, and struck coins jointly with Pompeius Magnus.

Gens Publicia, occasionally found as Poblicia or Poplicia, was a plebeian family at ancient Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned in history during the period following the First Punic War, and the only one to achieve the consulship was Marcus Publicius Malleolus in 232 BC.

...
M. Minatius Sabinus was Proquaestor in 46-45 BC, and struck coins jointly with Pompeius Magnus in that respect.

Gens Minatia was a minor plebeian family at Rome. The gens was probably of Sabine origin, as its nomen is derived from the Oscan praenomen Minatus, and the first of the family to appear in Roman history bore the surname Sabinus.
L. Papius Celsus was one of the moneyers for the year 45 BC. He is not otherwise known, but is possibly the son of the L. Papius who was moneyer in 79 BC.

Gens Papia was a plebeian family at Rome. Members of this gens are first mentioned at the time of the Samnite Wars, but do not appear at Rome until the final century of the Republic. Marcus Papius Mutilus was the only member of the fa...
Lollius Palicanus was one of the moneyers for the year 45 BC. He is not otherwise known.

Gens Lollia was a plebeian family at Rome. Members of the gens do not appear at Rome until the last century of the Republic. The first of the family to obtain the consulship was Marcus Lollius, in 21 BC.

The Lollii appear to have been either of Samnite or Sabine origin, for a Samnite of t...
L. Valerius Acisculus was one of the moneyers for the year 45 BC. He may later have served as Tribunis Plebis.

The Gens Valeria was a patrician family at Rome, prominent from the very beginning of the Republic to the latest period of the Empire. Publius Valerius Poplicola was one of the consuls in 509 BC, the year that saw the overthrow of the Tarquins, and the members of his family wer...
L. Plancius was Praefect Urbanus in 45 BC, and struck coins jointly with Julius Caesar.

Gens Plancia was a minor plebeian family of equestrian rank at ancient Rome. Few members of this gens are mentioned in the time of the Republic, but a family of the Plancii rose to prominence from the time of Vespasian, and held a number of important magistracies through the time of Hadrian. Other Pl...
C. Clovius was prefect of Cisalpine Gaul in 46-45 BC, and struck coins jointly with Julius Caesar in that respect.

Gens Cluvia was a Roman family during the later Republic, and early imperial times. C. Cluvius Saxula senior was the first of the family to achieve prominence.

The Cluvii do not appear to have been divided into distinct families. Individual members of the gens b...
Sextus Pompeius Magnus Pius was a Roman general from the late Republic. He was the last focus of opposition to the Second Triumvirate. His father was Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, and his brother was Gnaeus Pompeius Junior.

After his father was killed in the Civil War against Julius Caesar, Sextus fled to Spain, where he continued the war against Caesar. After Caesars assassination in 44, he ...
L. Aemilius Buca struck a series of coins in 44 BC, in support of and jointly with Julius Caesar.

Gens Aemilia, originally written Aimilia, was one of the greatest patrician families at Rome. The gens was of great antiquity, and claimed descent from Numa Pompilius, the second King of Rome. Its members held the highest offices of the state, from the early decades of the Republic to imper...
Marcus Mettius was a supporter of Julius Caesar in the 50s and 40s BC. He served as moneyer in the year 44 BC.

During the first year of the Gallic Wars, Caesar sent Mettius and the Helvian Celt Gaius Valerius Troucillus as envoys to the Suebian king Ariovistus, in what was presented as a last-ditch effort to prevent a full-scale war. Instead, Ariovistus accused the two of spying and arr...
P. Sepullius Macer was one of the moneyers for the year 44 BC, and struck a number of issues jointly with Julius Caesar, as well as some alone.

He is not otherwise known, and Gens Sepullia is known only from coins.
C. Cossutius Maridianus was one of the moneyers for the year 44 BC, and struck a number of issues jointly with Julius Caesar, as well as some alone.

Gens Cossutia was a plebeian family of equestrian rank at Rome. It never attained any importance. It is conjectured by some from Cicero's mention of the Cossutianae tabulae, near Caesena, in Gallia Cisalpina, that the Cossutii originally ca...