During the Second Punic war a flexible system of coins in bronze, silver and (occasionally) gold was created. This system was dominated by the silver denarius, a denomination which remained in circulation for 450 years. The coins of the republic were produced by "mint magistrates", junior officials who choose the designs and legends. This resulted in the production of coins advertising the officials' families for political purposes; most of the messages on these coins can still be understood today.
Reverse: Togate figure standing left, raising hand, between aquila and fasces. A – POST•A•F – •S•N – ALBIN across fields and in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.13 g
Provenance: CNG 106 (13 September 2017), lot 651. Ex Deyo Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 90, 23 May 2012), lot 1334. Stack’s (9 December 1992), lot 3177.
Reverse: togate figure standing left before flaming altar, holding sprinkler over sacrificial bull, all on stone platform, A·POST ·A·F S·N·(AL)BIN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
According story described by Livy: in Sabina a cattle of admirable size and beauty was born. Animal was sacrificed and his skull (bucranium) was placed in temple of Diana where it commemorate this wonder. The event was considered to be a prophetic sign that town whose citizen sacrifice the animal will rule. Before battle at Regillius Lake Roman citizen (Postumius' ancestor) took the cattle and sacrificed it in the temple of Diana on Aventine.
Reverse: togate figure standing left, extending hand toward legionary eagle right; fasces with axe right A· / (AL)BIN / N·S· / POST·A·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Refers to the praetorship of L. Postumius Albinus over Spain and his successful expeditions against the Vaccaei and Lusitani, and the levying of troops for this campaign.
Reverse: 3 horsmen galloping left (A. Postumius Albus Regillensis); fallen enemy and two standards in front of them; A·(AL)BINVS·S·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right holding goad and reins A·SP(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right; (VAL) / I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 27.3 g
Reverse: Victory, holding goad, driving biga right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.75 g
Reverse: Nude rider, holding whip, on horse prancing right; below, ROMA.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.68 g
Reverse: Prow right, ROMA above, four pellets below.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 13.97 g
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Reverse: Prow right, ROMA above, pellet below.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 11.16 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right; ROMA above.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.32 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right, ROMA above, three pellets below.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.79 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.86 g
“This variety is believed to be one of the earliest issues of 53/2 based on its consistent presence (though in small numbers) in early hoards where contents included 53/2 examples. It is nearly always found with a loop under the visor, believed to be an attribute of Sicilian origin. There are no symboled siblings for this group.”
Obverse: There is usually a small loop under the visor in front of the forehead. The loop is often discretely represented as a small lump, other times it is clearly a loop.Tufts at the back of the helmet are very small and close together.
Reverse: More so than any other variety in this issue, the horses appear to be rearing up, rather than galloping forward, particularly the far horse, with forelegs farther above the exergue than on other varieties. The legend ROMA is in a trapezoidal frame. Cape style is Flag-like or Waving. There is nearly always a pointed horse's tail visible between the legs. The horses and riders appear rather small and distant, compared to other varieties.
Exceptions: There are rare examples that are clearly of this style but with horses that are galloping broadly forward rather than rearing up."
Provenance: CNG Electronic auction 408 (25 October 2017), lot 368, from the Andrew McCabe Collection. Ex Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 631.
Reverse: Dog standing right, raising forepaw; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.79 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; below horses, female head right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.76 g
Provenance: Naville Numismatics, Auction 42 (22 July 2018), lot 392.
Reverse: Luna in prancing biga right; below, fly and ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.65 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga driven by Victory right, holding sceptre and thunderbolt; ROMA below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.72 g
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Reverse: Jupiter, holding sceptre and brandishing thunderbolt, in quadriga driven to right by Victory; ROMA incuse on tablet below
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 6.76 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.42 g
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Reverse: Jupiter, holding sceptre and brandishing thunderbolt, in quadriga driven to right by Victory; ROMA incuse on tablet below
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 6.57 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.36 g
Sibling to the "Spearhead series", RRC 88/2.
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 3.98 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; staff below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.28 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; corn ear below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: victory in triga right holding reins T·(MAL)·A·P CL·Q·(VR)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Mars in quadriga right holding trophy and reins, shield, spear C·(AB)(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.92 g
Reverse: Diana in a biga of stags to right; with quiver over shoulder and holding sceptre and reins in left hand and torch in right; grasshopper below stags, C•ALLI in exergue; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.88 g
"In Roman mythology, Diana was the goddess of the hunt, the moon and childbirth, associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals. Oak groves were especially sacred to her. She was equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, though she had an independent origin in Italy. In myth, Diana was born with her twin brother Apollo on the island of Delos, daughter of Jupiter and Latona. Diana was known to be the virgin goddess of childbirth and women. She was one of the three maiden goddesses, along with Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry."
Provenance: e-Bay sale (November 2017).
Reverse: Diana in biga of stags holding torch and scepter in right hand and reins in left hand; below grasshopper right; C•ALLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins, Q / L·FABI·L·F·HISP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri galloping right; below, puppy right with both fore-feet raised; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.71 g
Reverse: Dioscuri right riding on horses, stars over pilei, each holding spear reins; C·(ANTE)STI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: naked horseman galloping right, holding palm branch and reins dagger? in exergue, C·PISO L F FRVGI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Libertas in quadriga right holding pileus, scepter and reins; C·CASSI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding reins in both hands; C·PVLCHER
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: prow of galley right C·S(AX) I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 26.9 g
Reverse: Victory in biga left CALD G
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Moneyer was consul in 94 BC. In 107 BC, he was elected tribune of the plebs and passed a lex tabellaria, which ordained that in the courts of justice the votes should be given by means of tables in cases of high treason. He was a praetor in 100 or 99 BC, and proconsul of Hispania Citerior the following year. This is represented by standard on the obverse along with emblem of the conquered town Clunia.
Reverse: statue of god seated left between two trophies of arms, all on a high lectisternium with front inscribed L·CALDVS / VII·(VIR)·EP(VL) (Lucius Caldus Septemvir Epulo), C·CALDVS on left, IMP·(AV)·X (Imperator Augur Decemvir) on right, C(ALD)VS III VIR below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: tetrastyle temple of Venus Erycina on the top of mount Eryx, Porta Collina (place of Sulla's great victory)*, ERVC
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Distyle temple with two facing statues within; Jupiter, to the left, holding staff, and Libertas, on the right, holding pileus. Above pediment, thunderbolt and pileus. VIII (control mark) in left field; CN•N in right field; C•EGNATIVS•CN•F in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.98 g
This moneyer, a man of somewhat disreputable character, was admitted into the Roman senate, but was subsequently expelled by the censors. Not much more is known about him.
In Catullus love poetry, Cupid and Venus are constantly paired as the patrons of all sensual love and they have maintained the same symbolism even today for people who no longer worship the gods. The bust of Cupid so prominently placed on the obverse of Egnatius coin, depicted with his cherub-like features and armed with a bow whose arrows only wound one's heart with passion and desire, but never kill, is symbolic of peace and the pleasure it brings.
This issue is the only surviving record of the Temple of Jupiter Libertas. The temple of Libertas was built on the Aventine hill ca 246 B.C by the plebeian aediles Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Fundanius. The money to finance the erection of the temple came from fines. The main contributor was Claudia, the sister of the consul of 249 B.C, Publius Claudius Pulcher. On an occasion when she found it hard to make her way through the crowded streets of Rome she exclaimed that she wished her brother was still alive to lose another fleet for the Romans for that would thin out the population a little. That insensitive comment cost her 25.000 asses.
In the course of time the temple came to be better known as the temple of Jupiter Libertas. The original connection between the two deities may be found in the belief that Libertas was the daughter of Jupiter and Juno. Egnatius depiction of the temple shows its true bipartite nature at that time. It was restored by Augustus as part of his grand renovation of Rome.”
Provenance: Purchased from Moruzzi Numismatica (5 March 2018). Ex Varesi 63 (26 November 2013), lot 46.
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Reverse: Distyle temple with figures of draped Jupiter and Libertas standing facing within; C EGNATIVS CN F below, CN N upwards to right, control numeral (VIII) to left
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: Victory left insribing shield on trophy topped with a helmet ornamented with bull horns; carnyx at base of trophy; Q / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.8 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding goad and reins; heron right C·FABI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: war galley left, acrostolium, ram and deck house at prow, three sailors and five oars amidships; deck house, gubernator, rudder, and apluster at stern; C·FO(NT) / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: Galley left with three rowers, gubernator at stern; C•FONT above, ROMA below
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: Galley left with three rowers, gubernator at stern; C•FONT above, ROMA below.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.7 g
Ex Paul James Collection
Reverse: Gaius Marius with his son as rider riding in triumphal quadriga right. Gaius Marius holds staff and laurel branch, rider holds laurel branch and reins. Q C·FVNDAN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Victory standing right, crowning trophy, beside which stands carnyx; before which, Gallic captive kneeling left; Q (mark of value) in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.76 g
Reverse: Jupiter in Quadriga right, Holding reins and thunderbolt
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.37 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding thunderbolt and reins
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.95 g
Reverse: attacked boar right, spear in shoulder, hound below, C HOSIDI C F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
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Reverse: The Calydonian boar standing right, it’s front legs thrust forward, pierced through by a spear and harried by a hound below; C•HOSIDI•C•F in exergue.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.98 g
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Reverse: Calydonian boar standing right, pierced by spear and harried by hound below; C HOSIDI C F in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.89 g
Ex. Andrew McCabe Collection (CNG Electronic Auction 472; Lot 259); Ex. Numismatica Ars Classica 114 (Part 2; Lot 1326); Ex. Gorny & Mosch 186 (Lot 1798). Notes from Andrew McCabe: "I purchased this coin due to the really exceptional speared boar and dog on the reverse and the very large flan, but later found an example from the collection of Benjamin Nightingale, a well-known 19th century antiquarian. My new coin has a less cute boar, but I had to choose between provenance and art." Andrew's loss is my gain!
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses riding right holding spears reins; stars over their pilei C·IVNI·C·F ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Minerva in quadriga right holding javelin and reins, shield C·LICINIUS·L·F / MACER
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.66 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding whip and reins C. (MA)I(AN)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.39 g
Reverse: Heroic figure standing left, foot on cuirass, holding spear and leaning on tabella divided into two compartments, CMA below, trophy in left field.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: warrior standing half left, foot on cuirass, holding spear; trophy left, grasshopper on prow right; C·M(AL)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Ulysses walking right, holding staff, dog Argus left; C·MAMIL__LIME(TA)N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Desultor right riding two horses, wearing conical cap, holding whip; XXXIII / C·CENSO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: ploughman conducting yoke of two oxen, CXXXV / C·MARI·C·F / S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.06 g
Reverse: Ionic column surmounted by statue; at base, two stalks of grain; on left, L. Minucius Augurinus standing right, holding patera, foot on modius; on right, M. Minucius Faesus standing left, holding lituus. C·A_VG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: Victory right in triga holding reins; XXXIII / C·N(AE)·B(AL)B
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: Victory in triga right; C NÆ BALB in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.91 g
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Reverse: Corn ear, fasces and caduceus
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.93 g
Reverse: grain ear, fasces and caduceus
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: prow of galley right ●●● C·NVMITRI ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.2 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, holding spear; C·PLVTI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
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Reverse: Hound running right; spear below, C•POSTVMI and TA monogram in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.92 g
Provenance: Tauler & Fau Floor Auction 20, (28 November, 2018), lot 112.
Reverse: hound bounding right, hunting spear below; C·POSTVMI / (TA)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Hercules standing left, strangling Nemean Lion; club at his feet, K (control mark) above; bow and arrows in left field; C•POBLICI•Q•F upwards in right field.
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: naked Hercules left strangling Nemean lion; bow with arrows in quiver left, club below; C·POBLICI·Q·F / P
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Juno Caprotina in biga of goats right holding whip, scepter and reins C·RENI ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Two soldiers facing each other, each holding shield and sword upright; C·F C·SE(RVE)IL·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: the Dioscuri riding in opposite directions, heads turned confronting, each with star above his head and holding a spear C·SERVEILI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.6 g
Reverse: the Dioscuri riding in opposite directions, heads turned confronting, each with star above his head and holding a spear; C·SERVEILI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri on horseback rearing in opposing directions, heads facing one another, each holding couched spear; stars above, C•SERVEILI•M•F in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.04 g
Reverse: Marcus Servilius Pulex Geminus, consul 202 BC, left fighting a duel on horse, holding spear and shield inscribed with M. Other horseman riding left holding sword and shield; C·SER(VE)IL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Macedonin shield decorated with elephant head right, all within laurel wreath; M·METELLVS·Q·F·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Prow right; C•SVLPI above; palm-branch in right field; ROMA below.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 32.68 g
Reverse: Two soldiers (or Dii Penas Publici) standing facing each other, holding spears and pointing at sow which lies between them C C·SV(LP)ICI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.96 g
The Sulpicii came from Lavinium and both sides of coin are related to it. Di Penates Publici were taken from Troy together with Palladium by Aeneas. When Aeneas fled from Troy Helenus, a son of Priamos, has predicted Aeneas, that he would built a new city where a white sow would cast 30 piglets. Aeneas prepared to sacrifice a pregnant white sow he has brought in his ship for this purpose, but the sow escaped and fled 24 stadiums in the inland, layed down under an oak-tree (or ilex-tree) and casted 30 white piglets. Because of that Aeneas knew that this prophecy too became true and he should built a city here. He sacrificed the 30 piglets and erected a shrine at this place. The new city he called Lavinium referring to Lavinia, daughter of king Latinus. The 30 piglets represented 30 years only after which his successors became the real owners of the new land. At the same time story of white sow predicts foundation of another town: River god Tiber speak to Aeneas in a dream: ".... A sow beneath an oak shall lie along, All white herself, and white her thirty young. When thirty rolling years have run their race, Thy son Ascanius, on this empty space, Shall build a royal town, of lasting fame, Which from this omen shall receive the name. ..." Alba Longa was founded just 30 years after Lavinium and so the prophecy was fulfilled here too. The name Alba Longa is said to be derived from the white sow (meaning the long white). So Lavinium was the mothertown of Alba Longa and finely of Rome itself. On the Forum of Lavinium stood a bronze statue of the sow, its body was conserved by the priests in pickle. (Jochen's coins of mythological interests)
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding whip and reins; FLAC / C·(VAL)·C·F / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Minerva in quadriga right holding trophy and reins, spear C·VIBIVS·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: radiate Jupiter Axurus seated left, holding patera and long scepter, IOVIS·AXVR· C·VIBIVS·C·F·C·N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Minerva, helmeted and draped, standing right, holding spear in right hand and Victory in extended left; shield at side, C • VIBIVS downward to right, VARVS downward to left.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.67 g
Provenance: Heritage Auctions - Long Beach Expo World & Ancient Coins Signature Auction Session 5 (September 5-9 2019), lot 155. Coin Galleries: The Numismatic Review and Fixed Price List (May - June, 1960), lot A371.
Reverse: naked Hercules standing left, resting right hand on club set on ground, lion skin in the left hand; C•VIBIVS / VARVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
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Reverse: Victory standing right, crowning trophy; CN LENT in exergue (NT in monogram)
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 1.85 g
Reverse: Victory standing right, crowning trophy with wreath; CN LE(NT)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.9 g
Reverse: wreathed scepter, globe, rudder, EX S·C / CN·LEN·Q
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
mint in Spain. Moneyer struck this coin as questor of proconsul Pompey when he was sent to support Q. Caecilius Metellus Pius in lenghty war against Sertorius in Spain. Moneyer became consul in 56 BC.
Probably struck in late 75 BD in Taras or Brundisium, perhaps the fund of choice to pay local shipping contractors to ferry armies across the Adriatic and back
Reverse: The Capitoline Triad: Jupiter, holding sceptre and thunderbolt, standing facing between Juno and Minerva / Π in field, ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.49 g
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Reverse: Jupiter standing facing, holding sceptre and thunderbolt, between Juno and Minerva, the latter crowning Jupiter with wreath; palm branch in central field, dolphin in right field, ROMA (divided by eagle) in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.03 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins, man attacking lion with spear below ROMA CN·DOM
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Mars and Nerio in quadriga right; Mars holding Nerio and shield CN·GEL ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, stars over pilei, holding spear and reins; CN·LVCR / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: CN•LVCR / ROMA - The Dioscuri riding right, each holding a couched lance, stars above, CN•LVCR below.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.94 g
Reverse: aquila between signum of Hastati and signum of Princeps; L·LE(NT) // C·(MA)RC // H__P / COS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
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Reverse: Cretan goat standing right; quiver and bow in left field.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 3.86 g
Cn. Plancius became friends with Cicero during Ciceros exile in Macedonia, and in 55 BC, after being elected to the curule aedileship, was defended by Cicero against charges of electoral corruption. The obverse and reverse types refer to his activities in Macedonia and Crete."
Provenance: Bertolami Fine Arts, E-Live Auction 49 (12 November 2017), lot 774.
Reverse: agrimi standing right, bow and quiver left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Victory in biga galloping right X D·SILANVS·L·F / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
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Reverse: Three military trophies between capis and lituus; FAVSTVS monogram in exergue
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 2.61 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right, crescent above head; murex shell above PVR ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.2 g
Reverse:
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 100.4 g
Reverse:
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 67.8 g
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Reverse: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis (surmounted by wolf's head), and apex
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Reverse: sacrificial implements - simpulum (laddle), sprinkler, axe, apex (priest's hat)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
moving mint (Cisalpine Gaul or Hispania). Oldschool interpretation of iconography is that elephant symbolize powerful Caesar and snake his enemies but this view must be revised. According to Harlan the Caesar's issue is reaction to the Acilius' with Salus holding snake which was in fact struck in 50 BC. Salus with snake represent health of the Republic. "Dio Cassius made it clear that the most vehement enemy of Caesar in the Senate debates of 50 was Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio who put forward the motion that Caesar be declared a public enemy if he did not disband his troops. Caesar said that the Senate was intimated by threats from Pompey’s friends and reluctantly adopted Scipio’s proposal. Caesar put much of the blame for the civil war on Scipio who had become Pompey’s father-in-law in 52 and had shared the consulship with Pompey that year. Recounting the reasons for the civil war, Caesar was careful to avoid blaming Pompey directly and he claimed that Pompey had been led astray and corrupted (depravatum) by Caesar’s enemies who were jealous of his glory, while he himself had always promoted Pompey’s honor and dignity. …….. With a very clever, yet simple, turn on the Pompeian propaganda of Acilius’ coin, the snake has been taken from the hands of Valetudo and trampled by the Metellan elephant. Caesar showed Rome that Metellus Scipio and his supporters were the true threat to the health and safety of the Republic, the true cause of the civil war." Sacrificial implements reminds Caesar as Pontifex Maximus.
Reverse: sacrificial implements: simpulum, aspergillum, capis (jug), lituus, AVGVR / PONT·MAX / M
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
moving mint (Africa or Sicily). Ceres symbolizes Africa as granary of Rome. M on reverse means munus - payment for soldier's service. These coins probably served to pay Caesar's veterans after battle of Thapsus.
Reverse: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis (surmounted by wolf's head), and apex.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.82 g
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Reverse: Gallic trophy, holding oval shield and carnyx; securis surmounted by wolf’s head to right
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.87 g
Reverse: CAESAR - Gallia and Gaulish captive seated beneath trophy of Gallic arms.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.46 g
Reverse: CAESAR - Aeneas walking left, carrying Anchises and the Palladium.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.97 g
Reverse: Simpulum, sprinkler, axe and priest's hat.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.49 g
Reverse: L. Aemilius Paullus standing to right of trophy, Perseus and his two sons captive on the left, TER / PAVLLVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Venus in slow biga right, holding staff and reins; above Cupid flying left, holding wreath; L·C·MEMIES·L·F / GAL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
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Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding reins, thunderbolt and sceptre; L•ANTES below, ROMA in exergue
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.93 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, horling thunderbolt and holding scepter and reins; L·A(NTE)S / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Saturn in quadriga right holding harpa and reins, P with dot above* and to the left L·SATVRN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.66 g
Reverse: Saturn in quadriga right holding harpa and reins ·T· L·SATVRN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
Reverse: eagle on thunderbolt right, head left, all within laurel wreath; L·COT
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Pax in biga right, holding branch, reins and scepter, elephant head below; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: two questors seated left between two stalk of grain; AD·FRV·EMV / EX·S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Warrior riding horse right, holding palm frond and reins, above a trident right. L PISO FRUGI and control mark R in two lines below.
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Horseman holding palm branch galloping right L·PISO FRVGI / A
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory advancing right, holding wreath and palm-branch, L PI - SO across fields, FRVGI in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.16 g
Provenance: Naville Numismatics, Auction 42 (22 July 2018), lot 422. Ex Sternberg Auction 18 (20 November 1986), lot 323.
Reverse: prow of galley right, fighting platform with club; ROMA / C /●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, hurling thunderbolt, holding reins and scepter L·SCIP·ASIAG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Moneyer was the great-grandson of Lucius Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus, consul 190 BC who together with Eumenes II of Pergamum defeated Antiochus III the Great. He belonged to the Marian party in Sulla's first civil war and Sulla's second civil war. He was appointed consul in 83 BC with Gaius Norbanus. In this year Lucius Cornelius Sulla returned to the Italian Peninsula, and advanced against the consuls. He defeated Norbanus in Italy, but seduced the troops of Scipio to desert their general. He was taken prisoner in his camp along with his son Lucius, but was dismissed by Sulla uninjured. He was, however, included in the proscription in the following year, 82 BC, whereupon he fled to Massilia, and passed there the remainder of his life. (wikipedia)
Reverse: IMPER ITERVM - Jug and Lituus between two trophies
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.24 g
Reverse: Bellerophon on Pegasus right, brandishing spear; XXVII / L·COSSVTI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: helmeted warrior right in biga holding spear and reins asisting citizen togate into biga; II / L·FARSVLEI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins L·FLAMINI CILO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
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Reverse: Victory driving biga right, L FLAMINI below, CILO in exergue
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 4.01 g
Reverse: Curule chair between fasces, L•FVRI CN•F above.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.95 g
"Ceres was the Roman goddess of agriculture. She was equivalent to the Greek Demeter. The curule chair (sella curulis) was the official chair of the 'curule' magistracies: the consulship, the praetorship, and the 'curule' aedileship (the two highest aediles). The fasces were bundles of rods bound together. The rods symbolized the power to inflict physical punishment. When an axe (securis) was bound in the middle of the rods, it signified the power to inflict death."
Provenance: CNG 106 (13 September 2017), lot 659.
Reverse: Victory running right, holding caduceus, Gallic trophy and palm fronds, L·HOSTILI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
Reverse: Diana (Artemis) standing facing, laureate, wearing long hair falling down her shoulders and long flowing robes, holding spear in left hand and stag by its antlers in her right; SASERNA upward around left, L • HOSTILIVS downward to right
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.82 g
The obverse figure has not been definitively identified. Some speculate that she is a representation of Gallia, made to represent Julius Caesar's conquest of the area during the Gallic War. This belief is further bolstered by the presence of a carnyx behind the bust.
Another proposition is that the figure is a representation of Pallor, the goddess of fear and paleness. The complexion on the faces of different dies lend plausibility to this theory. There was another god, Pavor, who represented consternation, panic, and dread. Interestingly, Hostilius also struck a coin with a male head (who many bealieve may be a representation of the Gallic chieftain Vercingetorix). This may be an allusion to Tullus Hostilius, who vowed (and presumably later erected) temples to Pallor and Pavor during his war with the Etruscan cities Veii and Fidenae.
Another theory proposed is that Gallia is represented by Pallor, perhaps to show the fear of conquest.
The reverse probably refers to that Artemis was the chief goddess of Massalia, a Greek colony in southern Gaul. In the Civil War, Massalia declared for Pompey and Caesar besieged the city. When it submitted in 49 BC, Caesar allowed it to remain free, but took most of its lands."
Provenance: e-Bay sale (March 2018).
Reverse: The Dioscuri riding right; L•ITI below, ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.39 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right, holding wreath and reins; HV / L·IVLI·BVRSIO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right holding spears and reins; stars over their heads L·I(VL)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right L·IVLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: crescent moon, 7 stars around - Septem triones (Ursa Major), TRIO / L·LVCRETI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Sulla right in quadriga holding caduceus and reins, Victory flying right holding wreath L·SVLLA·IM
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
mint in south Italy. Reverse depicts Sulla's upcoming triumph which was held on 29-30 Janury 81 BC.
Reverse: Marsyas standing left, raising hand and holding wineskin over shoulder; L•CENSOR downwards in left field; column surmounted by statue of Minerva(?) in right field.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.46 g
"Among the Romans, Marsyas was cast as the inventor of augury and a proponent of free speech (the philosophical concept "parrhesia") and "speaking truth to power." The earliest known representation of Marsyas at Rome stood for at least 300 years in the Roman Forum near or in the comitium, the space for political activity. He was depicted as a silen, carrying a wineskin on his left shoulder and raising his right arm. The statue was regarded as an indicium libertatis, a symbol of liberty, and was associated with demonstrations of the plebs, or common people. It often served as a sort of kiosk upon which invective verse was posted."
"The plebeian gens of the Marcii claimed that they were descended from Marsyas. Gaius Marcius Rutilus, who rose to power from the plebs, is credited with having dedicated the statue that stood in the Roman forum, most likely in 294 BC, when he became the first plebeian censor and added the cognomen Censorinus to the family name. Marcius Rutilus was also among the first plebeian augurs, co-opted into their college in 300, and so the mythical teacher of augury was an apt figure to represent him."
"The descendant of Marcius Rutilus, L. Marcius Censorinus, issued coins depicting the statue of Marsyas, at a time when the augural college was the subject of political controversy during the Sullan civil wars of the 80s BC. On the coin, Marsyas wears a Phrygian cap or pilleus, an emblem of liberty. This Marcius Censorinus was killed by Sulla and his head displayed outside Praeneste. Sulla's legislative program attempted to curtail power invested in the people, particularly restricting the powers of the plebeian tribunes, and to restore the dominance of the senate and the privileges of patricians."
Provenance: CNG 106 (13 September 2017), lot 649.
Reverse: Marsyas standing left, rising hand, holding with wine skin over shoulder; column topped with Victory behind L·CENSOR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Marsyas standing left, raising hand and holding wineskin over shoulder; L•CENSOR downwards in left field; column surmounted by statue of Minerva(?) in right field
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.99 g
Among the Romans, Marsyas was cast as the inventor of augury and a proponent of free speech (the philosophical concept "parrhesia") and "speaking truth to power." The earliest known representation of Marsyas at Rome stood for at least 300 years in the Roman Forum near or in the comitium, the space for political activity. He was depicted as a silen, carrying a wineskin on his left shoulder and raising his right arm. The statue was regarded as an indicium libertatis, a symbol of liberty, and was associated with demonstrations of the plebs, or common people. It often served as a sort of kiosk upon which invective verse was posted."
The plebeian gens of the Marcii claimed that they were descended from Marsyas. Gaius Marcius Rutilus, who rose to power from the plebs, is credited with having dedicated the statue that stood in the Roman forum, most likely in 294 BC, when he became the first plebeian censor and added the cognomen Censorinus to the family name. Marcius Rutilus was also among the first plebeian augurs, co-opted into their college in 300, and so the mythical teacher of augury was an apt figure to represent him.
The descendant of Marcius Rutilus, L. Marcius Censorinus, issued coins depicting the statue of Marsyas, at a time when the augural college was the subject of political controversy during the Sullan civil wars of the 80s BC. On the coin, Marsyas wears a Phrygian cap or pilleus, an emblem of liberty. This Marcius Censorinus was killed by Sulla and his head displayed outside Praeneste. Sulla's legislative program attempted to curtail power invested in the people, particularly restricting the powers of the plebeian tribunes, and to restore the dominance of the senate and the privileges of patricians."
Provenance: CNG 111 (29 May 2019), lot 613. From the Alan J. Harlan Collection, purchased from Edward J. Waddell, Ltd.
Reverse: Venus in biga right holding reins and goad; CXVIII / C·LIME(TA) / P·CREPVSI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: equestrian statue right on 5 archs of aquaduct (Aqua Marcia), flower below, PHILIPPVS / A-Q-V-A-(MAR)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
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Reverse: Aqueduct on which stands equestrian statue, flower at horse’s feet; PHILIPPVS to left, AQVA MAR ligate within arches of aqueduct
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 4.07 g
Reverse: equestrian statue right, holding laurel branch, flower below L·PHILIPPVS (XVI)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Venus in slow biga right holding scepter and reins; above Cupid flying left, holding wreath; ·/Q // L·(ME)MMI / GAL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right holding thunderbolt, reins and scepter ROMA L·MINVCIV
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: two statues of Venus Cloacina standing on platform, L·MVSSIDIVS·LONGVS / CLOACIN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Gryphon springing right; jug below L.PAPI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Gens Papia was Samnite origin and family came from Lanuvium.
Reverse: wolf right placing stick on fire, eagle left fanning flames with its wings, CELSVS·III·VIR / L.PAPIVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding right on horses holding stears and reins; stars over their pilei (LPLH) ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Aurora, winged and draped, flying right, head facing slightly left, holding reins and palm branch, conducting the four rearing horses of the sun; PLANCVS below.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4 g
Provenance: CNG Electronic auction 404 (23 August 2017), lot 453. Ex Hirsch Nachf. 284 (26 September 2012), lot 2585.
Reverse: Aurora flying right with head slightly left conducting 4 horses; PLANCVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: Aurora flying right, conducting the four horses of the sun and holding palm frond; PLANCVS below
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 3.86 g
Reverse: Numa Pompilius holding litus, standing right before altar preparing to sacrifice a goat which is being held by a youth NV(MA)·PO(MP)IL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.46 g
Reverse: naked Gallic warrior riding in biga right, holding spear, reins, shield and carnyx; L·LIC·CN·DOM
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Narbo mint L. Licinius Crassus and Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus Narbo, the first colony in Gaul, was founded 118-117 BC. L. Licinius Crassus and Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus were officials charged with founding colony (duoviri coloniae deducendae). L. Porcius Licinus was one of 5 officials charged with production of denarii (curatorec denariorum flandorum). Reverse probably commemorates victory of Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus (consul 122 BC) in southern Gaul. He and Q. Fabius Maximus attacked united Gallic tribes of Allobrogi and Averni led by Bituitus at the confluence of Rhone and Isere. Their triumph was celebrated in 120 BC.
Reverse: Juno Sospita standing right, wearing goat skin, holding spear and shield; snake to the right, L.PROCILI / F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Juno Sospita in biga right holding spear, reins and shield, snake below, L.PROCILI.F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Juno Sospita offered protection to women, accompanying them throughout their lives from birth to death. She was often called upon by infertile women to aid in conception. Juno Sospita had a two temples at Rome, but her most famous temple was at Lanuvium. Her statue there, as described by Cicero and as depicted on coinage, wore a goatskin coat with a goat-horned headdress. Her attribute, the serpent, inhabited a grotto near her temple, and was fed annually by a young girl, who, if a virgin, escaped unharmed, but if not, was destroyed.
Reverse: maiden standing right, feeding erect serpent; controlmark / FABATI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Triumphal chariot with thunderbolt as decoration on side panel decorated; Victory flying right above chariot, holding wreath L.RVBRI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.95 g
Reverse: ram right; L·RVSTI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins, L·RVTILI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.88 g
Reverse: Puteal Scribonianum ornamented with garland and two lyres, hammer at base; PVTEAL / SCRIBON
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Dioscuri right riding on horses, stars over pilei, each holding spear reins L·SE(MP) ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; L·SE(MP) / ●●●● / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.6 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, riding right; L•SEMP below, ROMA in linear frame in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4.54 g
CNG Feature Auction 114; Lot 554. Ex. Spink Auction 19004 (27.03.2019); Lot 159 (hammer £850). Previously purchased from Baldwin’s on 29th August 1968 (£60).
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding scepter, thunderbolt and reins; D / L·SENTI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
(10).JPG)
Reverse: Bull charging right, X above, L•THORIVS below, BALBVS in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Bull charging to right, L THORIVS below, BALBVS in exergue, X above.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Bull charging right, E (control letter) above, L.THORIVS below, BALBVS in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.5 g
The cognomen 'Balbus' literally means 'stammerer', and was used to denote a particular branch within a Gens.
Reverse: bull charging right B L·THORIVS BALBVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Bull charging right; V above
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.84 g
Excellent style, with attractive toning. Came with a 1930's hand-written envelope.
Reverse: L•THORIVS BALBVS / L - Bull charging right; L above.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.02 g
Reverse: two Roman soldiers running left, each bearing a Sabine woman in his arms L·TITVRI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.2 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins L·TITVRI, controlmark in exergue (trophy?)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.91 g
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Reverse: Mars walking left, holding spear and carrying trophy over left shoulder; L•VALERI FLACCI and apex before; corn-ear behind
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: Scallop shell, LO / VCERI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.8 g
Reverse: Prow right; before, three pellets, above M·ABVRI MF / GEM, and below, ROMA.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 8.34 g
Reverse: Sol in quadriga right holding whip and reins M·(AB)(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
(0).jpg)
Reverse: Sol in quadriga right, holding reins and whip; M•ABVRI below horses, ROMA in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: Hercules in slow quadriga right holding club and trophy; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga left, holding reins and thunderbolt, scorpion right P HYPSAE / AED CVR / CAPT / C HYPSAE COS / PREIVE
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri on horseback riding right. Below horses, M•ATILI and ROMA in linear border in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.8 g
From Appian - The Spanish Wars " He was succeeded in the command by Marcus Atilius, who made an incursion among the Lusitanians and killed about 700 of them and took their largest city, called Oxthracae. This so terrified the neighboring tribes that they all made terms of surrender. Among these were some of the Vettones, a nation adjoining the Lusitanians. But when he went away into winter quarters they all forthwith revolted and besieged some of the Roman subjects."
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses riding right, stars over pilei, holding spear and reins; M·ATILI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Hercules in biga of Centaurs right, each of whom holding a branch, Hercules holding club and reins; M·(AVR)ELI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Apollo in quadriga right holding branch and reins, bow and arrow ROMA M·BAEBI·Q·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.68 g
Reverse: head of Octavian Caesar right, CAESAR·IMP·PONT·III·VIR·R·P·C·
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.3 g
Mark Antony, Octavian Caesar, struck in Ephesus? from spring to early summer 41 BC. Moneyer held unusual office quaestor pro praetore in the east in 41-40 BC. He accompanie Mark Antony after the battle of Philippi. He was probably also Curule Aedile. He restored aedicula shrine on the Forum Romanum and fountain of goddess Juturna (Lacus Iuturnae).
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Reverse: M•METELLVS Q•F, Macedonian shield with elephant's head in central boss, surrounded by laurel wreath
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding wreath and reins C(N F)O(VL) M·C(AL)·Q·(MET)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding palm branch and reins; rudder below ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory driving galloping biga right, holding reins and palm frond; rudder below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.88 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right holding reins and palm branch M·F(AN)·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
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Reverse: Roma standing left, transverse long scepter in left hand, with right hand placing wreath on trophy of captured Gallic arms with carnyx and shield on each side, star above ROMA (PHI)LI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: PHLI (PH ligate) in exergue, ROMA on right, Roma standing left, holding spear and crowning Gallic trophy with wreath; above, star.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.94 g
Reverse: Amphinomus right carrying his father; M·(HE)RENNI / Ṙ
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
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Reverse: BRVTVS, The consul L. Junius Brutus walking left between two lictors preceded by an accensus
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.43 g
Reverse: L. Junius Brutus between two lictors left, accensus in front of them; BRVTVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri riding right; M•IVNI below, ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 4.12 g
In 109 BC Silanus achieved to become consul as the first member of his family, the Iunii Silani. He held this highest public office together with Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, who had to continue the war against Jugurtha, king of Numidia, whereas Silanus undertook to fight against the Cimbri. To increase the power of Rome Silanus abolished the exemptions from the military service. Probably before their battle with the consul the traveling Cimbri had asked to be given a domicile on Roman territory, but the Senate had declined their request. Silanus then rushed towards the Cimbri with his army but he was defeated at an unknown location in Gallia Transalpina.
In 104 BC the tribune of the people Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus accused Silanus of his military failure, but the former consul was acquitted."
Provenance: Bertolami Fine Arts, E-Live Auction 49 (12 November 2017), lot 636.
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses right holding spears and reins; M·IVNI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Victory in biga left, holding whip and reins RVF M·LVCILI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding whip and reins; two heads of grain below; M__(MAR)_C / RO_MA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
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Reverse: Victory in biga right, M MAR C / RO MA below divided by two ears of corn
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.81 g
Reverse: Victory standing left holding wreath and palm, crowning Roma seated left on pile of arms holding scepter and sword; ·PR·L ·V· P·F / SEX·NONI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Eagle standing right on thunderbolt, head left; M• PLAETORIVS M•F•AED•CVR around
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.97 g
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Reverse: jug and torch; M·PLAETORI / CEST·S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Victory seated right, holding patera and palm VIC(TR)IX
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2 g
Reverse: VICTRIX - Victoria Virgo seated right, holding patera, VICTRIX in ex.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 3.72 g
Reverse: seated Victory right holding patera and palm; VIC(TR)IX
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.8 g
Reverse: Victory seated right, holding patera and palm; VIC(TR)IX
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: VICTRIX - Victory seated right holding patera, VICTRIX in the ex.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.61 g
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Reverse: Libertas driving quadriga right, holding pileus in right hand; Victory flying left above, crowning Libertas; M•PORC below, ROMA in exergue
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: Horseman galloping to the left; holding sword and severed head in hand; Q and M SERGI below; SILUS in exergue.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.85 g
Marcus Sergius was a Roman general during the Second Punic War (218 to 201 BC). He is famed in prosthetics circles as the first documented user of a prosthetic hand. The metal hand was constructed to allow him to hold his shield in battle.
A description of Marcus Sergius is found in the seventh book of Pliny's Natural History, published in AD 77:
Nobody - at least in my opinion - can rightly rank any man above Marcus Sergius, although his great-grandson Catiline shames his name. In his second campaign Sergius lost his right hand. In two campaigns he was wounded twenty-three times, with the result that he had no use in either hand or either foot: only his spirit remained intact. Although disabled, Sergius served in many subsequent campaigns. He was twice captured by Hannibal - no ordinary foe- from whom twice he escaped, although kept in chains and shackles every day for twenty months. He fought four times with only his left hand, while two horses he was riding were stabbed beneath him. He had a right hand made of iron for him and, going into battle with this bound to his arm, raised the siege of Cremona, saved Placentia and captured twelve enemy camps in Gaul - all of which exploits were confirmed by the speech he made as praetor when his colleagues tried to debar him as infirm from the sacrifices. What piles of wreaths he would have amassed in the face of a different enemy!
Reverse: moneyer's grandfather as horseman left wearing helmeted, holding sword and severed Gallic head; Q / M·SERGI / SILVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Two dismounted horsmen fighting duel with their horses behind, each holding sword and shield; M·SERVEILI·C·F / L
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: M·TVLLI, Victory driving quadriga right, holding reigns and palm, wreath above, X below horses
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right holding reins and palm branch; wreath above X M·TVLLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding branch and thunderbolt ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: tetrastyle temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, thunderbolt in pediment, M·VOLTEI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Erymanthian Boar right, M·VOLTEI·M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
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Reverse: Cybele seated in biga of lions right; O above, M VOLTEI M F in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.89 g
Reverse: LEG V
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.73 g
Reverse: M OPPIVS CAPITO PRO PR PRAEF CLASS F C - Galley right, below A.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.69 g
"M. Oppius Capito was Antony’s senior naval officer, stationed at the main naval base at Piraeus. His coins are found distributed around central Greece, and were most likely struck at Piraeus. His coins are found in two series, a heavy and a light and it has been suggested that some were struck at Tarentum where part of Antony’s fleet was based during the joint action against Sextus Pompey in 37-36 BC"
"The coin illustrated here is an as, marked A, with jugate portraits of Antony and Octavia on the obverse, a galley under sail on the reverse. It falls into the "light" series, perhaps issued a year after the first release of the coins, on a lighter standard, in the name of Antony and Oppius Capito. Although this experimental coinage was short-lived and very rare today, it is interesting to note that the great currency reform started by Octavian, after he had taken the name Augustus and become the first Emperor of Rome, resulted in a bronze coinage using exactly the same denominations as Anthony's fleet issues."
Provenance: Private purchase (August 2017).
Reverse: legionary aquila between two standards, LEG X?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
moving mint in Greece (maybe Patrae?)
Reverse: legionary aquila between two standards, LEG_II ?
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
moving mint in Greece (maybe Patrae?)
Reverse: L•BIBVLVS•M•F•PR•DESIG, quinquereme right, with three oars and stern ending in boar's head left.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.61 g
Provenance: Private purchase (May 2018).
Reverse: Lion walking right; ANTONI above; A - XLI ( = 41, Antony’s age at time of issue) across field; IMP in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.88 g
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Reverse: Aquila (eagle) between two standards; around, LEG XVII CLASSICAE
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.27 g
Quality VF-F
Reverse: M • OPPIVS • CAPITIO • P[R) • PR • PRAEF • CLASS • F • C • - Mark Antony and Octavia in quadriga of hippocamps; in l. field, HS and below, Δ and astragalos.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 30.16 g
Reverse: M•OPPIVS•CAPITO•PRO•PR•PRAEF•CLASS•F•C - Three galleys under sail to right. Γ (Gamma) and Triskeles below.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 25.78 g
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Reverse: LEG V; Legionary eagle between two standards
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.7 g
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Reverse: ANTONIVS/AVG • IMP • III in two lines.
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.84 g
"The carefully concealed letter "P" behind the ear of Antony's portrait represents the only known example of an artist's signature on a Roman Republican coin. The letter went unnoticed by numismatists for centuries before it was recognized in the early decades of the twentieth century."
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Reverse: L•BIBVLVS•M•F•PR•DESIG, quinquereme right, with three oars and stern ending in boar's head left.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.92 g
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Reverse: Desultor (horseman who leaps from one horse to another), wearing conical cap and holding whip, right on horseback, second horse behind; palm frond and wreath to left; P SEPVLLIVS above, MACER below.
Die Orientation: 8 H
Weight: 3.87 g
"This is the first portrait issue of Mark Antony. Struck within a month or two of the assassination of Julius Caesar, Antony is shown bearded, clearly symbolic of one in mourning. For the next two and a half years, until after the battle of Philippi, the portraits on coins of both Mark Antony and Octavian were bearded for the same reason. The reverse depicts a rider who switches from one horse to the other while the horses are in motion, an equestrian event which was part of the Parilian games, celebrated each year on 21 April. In 44 BC, the year of Julius Caesar’s assassination, the Parilia celebrated Caesar’s victory at Munda. Including a desultor on the reverse, Mark Antony probably attempted to kindle public support of the Caesarian cause." Provenance: From the John L. Cowan Collection. Ex Cederlind BBS 154 (31 March 2010), lot 213, ex Gorny & Mosch auction 180 (12 October 2009), lot 322, ex Numismatica Ars Classica auction 41 (20 November 2007), lot 17.
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Reverse: M OPPIVS CAPITO PRO PR PRAEF CLASS F C - Galley right; A below.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 6.69 g
Reverse: M OPPIVS CAPITO PRO PR PRAEF CLASS F C - Two quinqueremes sailing right; caps of Dioscuri above, B below.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 7.76 g
Reverse: III VIR R • P • C - Facing head of Sol on disk within distyle temple.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.25 g
Reverse: Bare head of Octavian right, wearing slight beard; CAESAR • IMP • PONT • III • VIR • R • P • C • around.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.99 g
Reverse: Togate figure seated left on sella curulis, urn at feet, holding tablet; Q PA[Q]VIVS/[R]VF LEG in two lines in field.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 7.25 g
Provenance: CNG Electronic Auction 484 (27 January 2021), lot 507.
Reverse: Soldier (or Mars?) standing facing, head right, left foot on lorica, holding inverted spear in right hand and sword in left; to right, recumbent bull facing, head left; I in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.75 g
Provenance: Roma Numismatics Auction XVI (26 September 2018), lot 537. Ex Bolaffi Spa, Auction 29 (30 November 2016), lot 80.
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Reverse: Oath-taking scene: Youth kneeling by standard, holding pig at which eight soldiers (four on each side) point their swords, C in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.64 g
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Reverse: Soldier(or Mars?), nude to waist, standing facing, helmeted head turned right, holding lance with his right hand, sword in his lowered left hand; on left, four shields attached to a tree, on right, forepart of bull reclining right, in exergue, IIIV.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.72 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; (MAT) / I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 27.8 g
Reverse: naked Herakles facing, leaning on club set on rock draped with lion's skin; EPPIVS__LEG·F·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
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Reverse: P CRASSVS IVN right, LEG PRO P R left - Victory standing left, holding winged caduceus in right hand, small round shield in left
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.15 g
During the civil war between Julius Caesar and the senatorial faction led by Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great"), Scipio remained a staunch optimate. He led troops against Caesar's forces, mainly in the battles of Pharsalus and Thapsus, where he was defeated. He later committed suicide. Ronald Syme called him "the last Scipio of any consequence in Roman history."
Roma Numismatics Limited has put forward the thought that it is Tanit in leontocephalic form instead of "Genius of Africa" and the "ankh" is rather the linear female abstract symbol for Tanit. I agree with the rationality behind this, because it looks everything like that symbol and nothing like an anhk, but include the standard attributions as we know them.
Reverse: Jupiter and Victory in quadriga right. Jupiter holding thunderbolt and scepter. Victory holding whip and reins. Macedonian shield below. (MN).ACILI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: MN ACILIVS / III VIR VALETV. Valetudo standing left, holding serpent and leaning upon column to right.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.34 g
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Reverse: Valetudo standing left, holding snake and resting on column; MN ACILIVS III VIR VALETV around
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.45 g
Reverse: Valetudo standing left, resting left elbow on column, holding snake; (MN)·ACILIVS__III·VIR·VALE(TV)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: equestrian statue on aquaduct right, holding vertical spear, standing on 3 archs of aquaduct (Aqua Marcia) (MN)·AEMILIO· L-E-P
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right, crescent and three stars above, star below; (MN)·AQVIL / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Mn. Aquillius (consul 101 BC) facing, head right, holding shield, raising kneeling and slumped Sicilia left; (MN) AQVIL__(MN)·F·(MN)·N· / SICIL
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Venus Verticordia standing left, holding scales and scepter, Cupid on her shoulder, (MN)·CORDI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.65 g
Reverse: war galley half right; MN·FO(NTE)I / : / G
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Infant winged Genius (or Cupid) seated on goat standing right; pilei of the Dioscuri above; thyrsus with fillet in exergue; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.93 g
"The moneyer is perhaps the brother of the moneyer M. Fonteius (see Crawford 347) and not inconceivably the tribune featured on the reverse of Crawford 429/1. The reverse recalls that the god Jupiter was suckled by the she-goat Amaltheia on Mt. Ida during his infancy, and depicts a statue that was within the Temple of Vejovis in Rome.
Romans believed that Vejovis was one of the first gods to be born. He was a god of healing, and was later associated with the Greek Asclepius. He was mostly worshipped in Rome and Bovillae in Latium. On the Capitoline Hill and on the Tiber Island, temples were erected in his honour. In spring, goats were sacrificed to avert plagues.
Vejovis is portrayed as a young man, holding a bunch of arrows, pilum, (or lightning bolts) in his hand, and is accompanied by a goat. He may be based on the Etruscan god of vendetta, known to them by the name Vetis written on the Piacenza Liver, a bronze model used in haruspical divination.
The studies about Vejovis are very poor and unclear. They show a constant updating of his condition and his use by people: escaping from netherworld, Volcanic God responsible for marshland and earthquakes, and later guardian angel in charge of slaves and fighters refusing to lose. God of deceivers, he was called to protect right causes and to give pain and deception to enemies. His temple has been described as a haven safe from police for wrongly persecuted people, and dedicated to the protection of the new comers in Rome, but this view is probably wrong.
The legend shows him more like an entity escaping from hell and trying to join the light and heaven, awesome fighter and protector of any people victims of unfairness. Aulus Gellius, in the Noctes Atticae, speculated that Vejovis was the inverse or ill-omened counterpart of Jupiter; compare Summanus. Aulus Gellius observes that the particle ve- that prefixes the name of the god also appears in Latin words such as vesanus, "insane," and thus interprets the name Vejovis as the anti-Jove. Aulus Gellius also informs us that Vejovis received the sacrifice of a female goat, sacrificed ritu humano; this obscure phrase could either mean "after the manner of a human sacrifice" or "in the manner of a burial." "
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Reverse: Infant Genius (or Cupid) seated on goat right; pilei of the Dioscuri above; below, thrysus right; all within wreath
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 4.07 g
Reverse: Cupid seated on goat right, caps of the Dioscuri above, thyrsus of Bacchus in exergue, all within laurel wreath
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: ASIA RECEPTA – Victory draped, standing looking left, holding wreath in right hand. On cista mystica between two snakes
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 1.45 g
This issue was struck to commemorate that the province of Asia had accepted Octavian's victory over Marcus Antonius in 30 BC. But where Aegyptus was a client kingdom, and therefore could be captured per se, Asia was a veteran province already, so the regular CAPTA reverse was probably deemed unsuitable, and the RECEPTA reverse was used instead.
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Reverse: ASIA RECEPTA, Victory standing facing left, holding wreath and palm, on top of cista mystica, serpents at left and right
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 1.66 g
RSC has this to say:
"The subjection of the Province of Asia occurred in B.C. 30."
Reverse: CAESAR DIVI F, Octavian in military dress, cloak flying behind, advancing left, right arm extended, left hand holding transverse spear
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.54 g
The below quote from forumancientcoins.com puts the coin in context:
"In July 32 B.C., Octavian illegally obtained Antony's will and exposed it to the Roman public: it promised substantial legacies to Antony's children by Cleopatra and left instructions for shipping his body to Alexandria for burial. Rome was outraged, and the Senate declared war against Cleopatra (an important distinction, because Octavian did not want the Roman people to consider it a civil war). Octavian's forces decisively defeated the forces of Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in Greece in September 31 B.C. In 30 B.C., Octavian chased Antony and Cleopatra to Egypt where they committed suicide. Octavian became master of the Roman world."
Reverse: IMP CAESAR, Facing head of Octavian on ithyphallic boundary stone of Jupiter Terminus, winged thunderbolt below
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.53 g
Uncertain mint in Italy, maybe Rome or Brundisium per RIC.
The following quote from forumancientcoins.com puts this coin in context:
"this propaganda referred to Octavian's re-establishment of boundaries in the east after the battle of Actium and review of the client kingdoms established by Marc Antony (in particular return of Roman territory from Cleopatra and her children)"
Reverse: sacrificial implements: simpulum (ladle), aspergillum (sprinker), ewer (jug), lituus (augural wand), COS·ITER·ET·TER·DESIG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
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Reverse: DIVOS IVLIVS, Head of Julius Caesar facing right, wearing laurel wreath
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 20.82 g
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Reverse: COS ITER ET TER DESIG, Pontifical emblems: simpulum, aspergillum, jug, and lituus
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.57 g
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Reverse: IMP CAESAR, A naval and military trophy consisting of the weapons and armor of a defeated enemy on a tree trunk on top of a prow of a captured galley with crossed anchor and rudder
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.71 g
Arranged around its base were additional arms and sometimes bound captives. Here, in place of the additional arms and/or captives the trophy sits on the beak (rostrum) of an enemy warship with a rudder and anchor at its base.
This denarius was part of a series of aurei and denarii that were struck between the autumn of 30 BC and 29 BC and which conveyed a general message of victory and re-foundation.
Sear associated this denarius with a contemporary aureus showing on its reverse a similar trophy housed in a tetrastyle temple decorated with a triskeles in its pediment. The obverse of that coin, a bust of Diana Siciliensis, led him to argue that the aureus commemorated Octavian's important victory over Sextus Pompey at the Battle of Naulochus in 36 BC.
The reverse of this denarius, however, does not specify a particular victor. The most likely possibility is that it commemorates Agrippa's victory over Antony and Cleopatra at Actium the previous September, the final triumph for Octavian, the undisputed master of the Roman Empire."
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Reverse: Equestrian statue with Octavian, facing left; S·C in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.25 g
"This is a favourite type coin for me as it is the first appearance of Octavian on a coin. Very often found in low grade, it is nonetheless a very historically important coin. It’s a great piece of history at a low price! Here you see a young Octavian for the first time on the obverse. The reverse shows the equestrian statue that he demanded the senate build for him after putting down the siege at Mutina. It is a brazen display of Octavian’s contempt for the senate."
Reverse: Octavian’s Actian arch surmounted by large statue of Octavian in facing triumphal quadriga; IMP·CAESAR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right holding spears and reins; stars over their heads P·PAETVS ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Venus right in biga holding whip and reins, crowned by Victory flying left; P·CALP / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: P•CLODVIS / M•F• - Diana standing facing, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding lighted torch in each hand.
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4.08 g
Reverse: Diana Lucifera standing half right holding torch in each hand, P·CLODIVS / M·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Diana standing facing, with bow and quiver over shoulder, holding lighted torch in each hand
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: Roma facing, holding spear, being crowned by Genius of the Roman People right; I (control mark) in left field, LENT•MAR•F in exergue; all within laurel-wreath.
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 3.89 g
Reverse: Roma facing wearing helmet, holding spear is crowned by Genius standing left, holding wreath and cornucopia, all within laurel wreath, dot above and below G, LE(NT)·(MAR)·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Genius Populi Romani facing, seated on curule chair, with right foot on globe, holding cornucopia and scepter; Victory flying and crowning Genius, holding wreath and palm, P·LENT·P·F L·N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding whip and reins, P.S(VL)A / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.2 g
Reverse: horseman galloping right, hurling spear; CCCXXXXI / P·CREPVSI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.2 g
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Reverse: The Villa Publica: building consisting of two stories, each with a row of columns; the lower columns are surmounted by arches, the upper ones by a sloping roof - T·DIDI· IMP VIL·PVB in fields.
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.86 g
Reverse: Curule chair inscribed P•FOVRIVS; CRASSIPES in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.93 g
The types of this coin and Crawford 409/2 probably refer to the Ludi Megalenses, games which honored the goddess Cybele, and were presented by the curule aediles.
Provenance: Naville Numismatics, Auction 37 (28 January 2018), lot 482.
Reverse: inscribed curule chair; P·FOVRIVS CRASSIPES
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: two citizens casting ballots in the Comitium, attendant handing voting tablet to one citizen, screen behind surmounted by marker with initial "P" representing the voting tribe P·(NE)RVA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right holding wreath and reins P·(MAE) (ANT) ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: Victory driving quadriga right, P•MAE ANT (ligate) below; ROMA in exergue
Die Orientation: 8 H
Weight: 3.91 g
Reverse: magistrate standing left in military dress with hand raised, citizen in toga before him, attendant behind magistrate with rod in right and two rods in left PROVOCO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: she-wolf prowling left, ROMA / P. SATRIE / NVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Brockage - incuse obverse
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.76 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding palm branch P. SERVILI.M.F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.3 g
Reverse: hexastyle temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus (Roman Capitol), richly decorated roof; F__S
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory riding in quadriga right, holding wreath, reins and palm branch, Q·(ANT)O·B(AL)B / PR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Moneyer who belonged to the opposition of Sulla struck these coins as praetor in Sardinia according special decree of senate (Senatus Consulto). He was driven from Sardinia by L. Philippus, the legate of Sulla, and slain. Victory on reverse didn't avert defeat of oppositon in battle of Colline Gate.
Reverse: elephant left, bell hanging from its neck Q·C·M·P·I
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
mint in north Italy. Elephant commemorates victory of moneyer's ancestor L. Caecilius Metellus over Hastrubal in the first Punic war 251 BC near Palermo. Seized elephants appeared in his triumph and became the emblem of the family. Moneyer received agnomen Pius in 99 BC for his effort to return his father from exile. Stork is the symbol of Pietas. Moneyer struck these coins as Imperator in the northern Italy where he fought along with Sulla. They held consularship together in 80 BC.
Reverse: Elephant walking left; Q•C•M•P•I in exergue.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.66 g
Metellus Pius came from one of the most important and wealthiest families of Rome. Beginning in the 3rd century BC, his family held numerous consulships, tribunates, censorships and military commands. His father, Q. Caecilius Metellus Numidicus, was the chief commander in the Jugurthine War in Numidia until Marius displaced him, and was later censor until driven into exile by Marius.
Though Metellus Pius fame is largely derived from his later campaigns in Hispania against Sertorius, the coinage in his name was struck at a North italian mint in 81 B.C, while he fought for Sulla against leaders of the Marian Party, such as Carrinas, Norbanus and Carbo. The obverse of this coin portrays the goddess Pietas and alludes to the moneyer's cognomen, Pius. The moneyer acquired the honorable title from the people of Rome, whom he had beseeched in order to secure the restoration from exile of his father. The reverse with the elephant recalls the accomplishment of his ancestor Lucius Caecilius Metellus, who in 251 B.C captured an army of Carthaginian elephants at Panormus."
Provenance: e-Bay sale, December 2017.
Reverse: eagle on thunderbolt right, lituus on left and jug on right, Q·CASSIVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.03 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right hurling thunderbolt and holding scepter, lituus above M SI(LA) ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding reins and scepter, hurling thunderbolt, rostrum tridens below Q·FABI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, holding reins and scepter, hurling thunderbolt, rostrum tridens below Q·FABI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: Cornucopiae on thunderbolt within wreath of ear of barley and wheat with assorted fruits
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: war galley right, all within oak wreath; Q·L(VT)ATI / Q
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Philip V galloping on horse right wearing Macedonian helmet with goat's horns; Q·PILIPVS / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Q*TERM*MF below two warriors in combat, one on left protecting a fallen man
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
Reverse: Two warriors fighting, each armed with sword in right hand and shield in left; the one on the left protects a fallen comrade; the other wears horned helmet; Q•THERM•MF in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.02 g
He may also have been the same Thermus who served as military tribune under Scipio in North Africa in 202 BC. Appian relates that about this time there was a cavalry engagement between the forces of Hannibal and those of Scipio near Zama, in which the latter had the advantage. On the succeeding days they had sundry skirmishes until Scipio, learning that Hannibal was very short of supplies and was expecting a convoy, sent the military tribune, [Quintus Minucius] Thermus, by night to attack the supply train. Thermus took a position on the crest of a hill at a narrow pass, where he killed 4,000 Africans, took as many more prisoners, and brought the supplies to Scipio."
Provenance: e-Bay sale (May 2018).
Reverse: Q. Minucius Q.f. L.n. Thermus right fighting barbarian (Ligurian) left wearing horned helmet over Roman soldier kneeling right; everyone holding sword and shield; Q·(THE)RM·(MF)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
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Reverse: Two warriors in combat, one on left protecting a fallen man; Q•TERM•MF in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.94 g
Reverse: Two warriors fighting, each armed with sword and shield; the one on the left protects a fallen comrade, the other wears horned helmet
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.88 g
Toned, a few scratches, scrape on reverse. VF. From the Raintree Collection.
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, holding spear Q·MINV ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right, holding spear Q·MINV ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Prow of Galley, right. OPEI above, I in right field. ROMA in exergue
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 15.3 g
Reverse: curule chair, lituus left, wreath right; SVLLA·COS / Q·POMPEI·RVF
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Erato, the Muse of Erotic Poetry, standing slightly right, habited in the stola — over which is the palla, — holding a kithara, and playing upon it with a simple plectrum held at her side; Q•POMPONI to left; MVSA to right.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.98 g
The Muses are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts in Greek mythology. They were considered the source of the knowledge embodied in the poetry, lyric songs, and myths that were related orally for centuries in these ancient cultures. They were later adopted by the Romans as a part of their pantheon. According to Hesiod's Theogony from the seventh century BC, they were daughters of Zeus, king of the gods, and Mnemosyne, Titan goddess of memory. For Alcman and Mimnermus, they were even more primordial, springing from the early deities Ouranos and Gaia. Gaia is Mother Earth, an early mother goddess who was worshipped at Delphi from prehistoric times, long before the site was rededicated to Apollo, possibly indicating a transfer to association with him after that time.
Sometimes the Muses are referred to as water nymphs, associated with the springs of Helicon and with Pieris. It was said that the winged horse Pegasus touched his hooves to the ground on Helicon, causing four sacred springs to burst forth, from which the Muses were born. Athena later tamed the horse and presented him to the Muses.
Classical writers set Apollo as their leader. In one myth, the Muses judged a contest between Apollo and Marsyas. They also gathered the pieces of the dead body of Orpheus, son of Calliope, and buried them in Leivithra. In a later myth, Thamyris challenged them to a singing contest. They won and punished Thamyris by blinding him and robbing him of his singing ability. The earliest known records of the Nine Muses are from Boeotia, the homeland of Hesiod.
It was not until Hellenistic times that the following systematic set of functions was assigned to them, and even then there was some variation in both their names and their attributes: Calliope (epic poetry), Clio (history), Euterpe (flutes and lyric poetry), Thalia (comedy and pastoral poetry), Melpomene (tragedy), Terpsichore (dance), Erato (erotic/love poetry), Polyhymnia (sacred poetry), Urania (astronomy).
Erato was one of the nine Muses. In the Classical era, when the Muses were assigned specific literary and artistic spheres, Erato was named Muse of erotic poetry and mime, and represented with a kithara. Her name means "lovely" or "desired" from the Greek word eratos."
Provenance: Purchased from Moruzzi Numismatica (25 April 2018).
Reverse: Urania, the Muse of Astronomy, wearing long flowing tunic and peplum, standing left, touching with wand held in right hand a globe set on base; Q • POMPONI downward to right, MVSA downward to left.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 18.5 g
Reverse: Urania, Muse of Astronomy standing left, pointing with rod in right hand at globe on tripod-stand; Q·POMPONI // MVSA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Nemean lion's skin draped over club; arrow left; bow right, C·COPONIVS ·PR·S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Pompey's moving mint (Greece). Issue was probably used to pay Pompey soldiers. It mentions S·C in legend in order to pretend to be the official issue authorized by senate. Q. Sicinus struck these coins in exile in the east when he retreated with Pompey from Italy before Ceasar's invasion. Praetor C. Coponius was commander of Pompey's fleet in the easter Mediterranien. Star below Apollo may represent a comet which occured in 49 BC.
Reverse: Pegasus jumping right Q·TITI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.82 g
Reverse: Dog standing right, left forepaw raised in pointing stance; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 1.37 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; club below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.46 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; anchor below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.44 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; decempeda below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.78 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; female head below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.65 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; corn ear below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.65 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; feather below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.29 g
Provenance: Artemide Aste - E-auction 22 (3 April 2022), lot 454.
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; shield and carnyx below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.17 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right, ROMA above.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 5.65 g
Reverse: Bridled horse rearing left; ROMA below.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.56 g
Provenance: NAC Auction 29, Zürich 2005, lot 249.
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; dolphin below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 4.09 g
Provenance: Spink Numismatic Circular - September 1983 (5441).
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 4.47 g
Reverse: Prow of galley to right; ROMA above.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.96 g
Reverse: Bridled horse's head right; behind, sickle and beneath, ROMA.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.08 g
Reverse: Victory standing right attaching wreath to long palm frond; ROMANO upward to left, II to lower right.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.5 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.37 g
Reverse: prow of galley left; I
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 52.9 g
Reverse: prow of galley with corvus right; grain ear above; S / K / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 12.2 g
Reverse: Jupiter and Victory in quadriga right. Jupiter holding thunderbolt and scepter, Victory holding reins; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right
ROMA
●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 12.6 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3 g
Reverse: prow of galley right S ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 18.6 g
Reverse: prow of galley right, fighting platform with club ROMA ●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right, fighting platform with club; grain ear above ROMA ●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.9 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right I H ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 31.7 g
Reverse: Prow of galley right, club above I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 44.2 g
Reverse: prow of galley right, Rostrum Tridens above I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 28.99 g
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Reverse: Victory standing right crowning trophy with wreath; thunderbolt between ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.4 g
Reverse: prow of galley right, meta above I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 43.4 g
Reverse: prow of galley right I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 20 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right ●●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 64.8 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding on horses right holding spears and reins; stars over their pilei, ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.5 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right; ROMA / ●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 7.4 g
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses riding right holding spears and reins, stars over pilei; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.2 g
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses right, stars over pilei, holding spear and reins; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; (PT) / I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 23.1 g
Reverse: prow of galley right, fighting platform decorated with club; I / CA / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 10.27 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; ROMA / ●●●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 10.1 g
Reverse: Dioscuri on horses riding right, holding spear and reins, stars over pilei; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.1 g
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Reverse: Victory right crowning trophy with wreath; RoMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.1 g
Reverse: prow of galley right ROMA; ●●●
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.8 g
Reverse: horse head right with bridle; ROMANO
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 6.8 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding right on horses, holding spear and reins, stars over pilei, staff below; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.6 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 42.1 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 39.5 g
Reverse: prow of galley with corvus right, grain ear above; I< / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 5.4 g
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Reverse: prow of galley right, butterfly on vine branch with leaf and grape bunch above; I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 26.2 g
Reverse: Victory standing right crowning trophy with wreath; M / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.9 g
Reverse: prow of galley right, above gryphon trampling on head of hare; I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 24.8 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding right on horses holding stears and reins; stars over their pilei; wheel below; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: nymph Histiaia seated right on stern of galley, holding stylis; ornate apluster; IΣTI_AIEΩN, crescent below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.74 g
Reverse: Dioscuri riding right on horses holding stears and reins; stars over their pilei; ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: prow of galley right; S(AX) / I / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 31.5 g
Reverse: she-wolf right, head turned back, breastfeeding Romulus and Remus; behind fig tree with bird on trunk and two on branches; shepherd Faustulus standing right; SEX PO__FOSTLVS / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: PRAEF. CLAS ET. ORAE. MARIT. EX. S.C, The monster Scylla facing left, her torso of dogs and fishes, wielding a rudder as a club with both hands
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.74 g
Reverse: Neptune standing left, foot on prow, holding aplustre and chlamys; the brothers Anapias and Amphinomus running in opposite directions on either side, holding their parents on their shoulders, PRAEF / CLAS·ET·OR(AE) / (MAR)IT·EX·S·C
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Jupiter in quadriga right, hurling thunderbolt and holding reins and scepter; (AN) R(VF) / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: cornucopia on celestial globe, scepter left, rudder right all within wreath, T·CARISI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.3 g
Reverse: Implements for coining money: anvil die with garlanded punch die above, tongs and hammer on either side; T•CARISIVS above; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.74 g
Provenance: Jesus Vico S.A, Auction 150 (1 March 2018), lot 414. Ex Herrero (25 March 1993), lot 78.
Reverse: sphinx seated right; T·CARISIVS / III·VIR
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Scepter, cornucopia on globe, and rudder; T • CARISI below; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.61 g
There are coins in which Titus Carisius is identified as triumvir monetalis, and another which mentions Publius Carisius, as legatus and propraetor, together with the word Emerita, apparently referring to the town of Augusta Emerita in Lusitania, which the emperor Augustus established for the emeriti, veterans of the war in Hispania. From this it has been conjectured that the praenomen Titus, assigned to the conqueror of the Astures by Cassius Dio, should instead be Publius.
Provenance: Triton XXII (9 January 2019), lot 912. From the Alan J. Harlan Collection, purchased from Freeman & Sear. Ex Numismatica Ars Classica 33 (5 April 2006), lot 339.
Reverse: Sphinx seated right; T • CARISIVS above, III • VIR in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Provenance: Ex Aureo & Calicó Auction 319 – Alba Longa, vol. I (7 November 2018), lot 223, Ex Sotheby's "Greek and Roman coins" (28 October 1993), lot 1385.
Reverse: Victory in biga right, horses rearing, grain ear below T·CLOVLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.7 g
unofficial issue - fouré denarius Absence of value mark is very unusual in this period (if it isn't hidden in wheel).
Reverse: Victory standing right, holding wreath and palm. Trophy with Gallic captive seated left, T·CLO(VL)I, Q
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.9 g
T. Cloulius, supporter of Gaius Marius, struck this issue as questor. This coin commemorates Marius' victory over Teutones in the battle of Aquae Sextiae 102 BC and over Cimbri one year later.
Reverse: Dioscuri right riding on horses, stars over pilei, each holding spear and reins; Macedonian shield below T_Q ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in biga riding right, holding palm-branch, reins and wreath, IIII (control mark) below. TI•CLAVD•TI•F AP•N in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.9 g
Provenance: e-Bay sale (June 2017).
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding wreath, reins and palm branch, LXIII TI·CLA(VD)·TI·F / (AP)·N
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Ionic column surmounted by statue; at base, two grain stalks; on left, L. Minucius Augurinus, holding patera, foot on modius; on right, M. Minucius Faesus , holding lituus; TI MINVCI CF upwards to left; AVGVRINI downwards to right. ROMA across fields.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.97 g
Reverse: Column surmounted by statue holding scepter, heads of grain around column; L. Minucius Augurinus standing right, wearing toga, foot on modius, holding patera; M. Minucius Faesus wearing toga, holding lituus; RO_MA / TI·MINVCI C·F__AVGVRINI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Column (Columna Minucia) surmounted by statue holding scepter, heads of grain around column; L. Minucius Augurinus (Praefectus Annonae 439 BC) standing right, wearing toga, foot on modius, holding patera; M. Minucius Faesus (Augur 300 BC) wearing toga, holding lituus
Reverse: Desultor galloping left, his second horse at his side; TI rat (control symbol) Q / • over N / D•S•S incuse on tablet
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Oath-taking scene*, two standing warriors holding spears and facing attendant kneeling in center, holding sacrificial pig. ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
