The word denarius is derived from the Latin dēnī "containing ten", as its value was 10 asses, although in the middle of the 2nd century BC it was recalibrated so that it was now worth sixteen asses or four sestertii.
It is the origin of several modern words such as the currency name dinar; it is also the origin for the common noun for money in Italian ('denaro'), in Slovene ('denar'), in Portuguese ('dinheiro'), and in Spanish ('dinero').
Reverse: Togate figure standing left, raising hand, between aquila and fasces. A – POST•A•F – •S•N – ALBIN across fields and in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.13 g
Provenance: CNG 106 (13 September 2017), lot 651. Ex Deyo Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 90, 23 May 2012), lot 1334. Stack’s (9 December 1992), lot 3177.
Reverse: togate figure standing left before flaming altar, holding sprinkler over sacrificial bull, all on stone platform, A·POST ·A·F S·N·(AL)BIN
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
According story described by Livy: in Sabina a cattle of admirable size and beauty was born. Animal was sacrificed and his skull (bucranium) was placed in temple of Diana where it commemorate this wonder. The event was considered to be a prophetic sign that town whose citizen sacrifice the animal will rule. Before battle at Regillius Lake Roman citizen (Postumius' ancestor) took the cattle and sacrificed it in the temple of Diana on Aventine.
Reverse: togate figure standing left, extending hand toward legionary eagle right; fasces with axe right A· / (AL)BIN / N·S· / POST·A·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Refers to the praetorship of L. Postumius Albinus over Spain and his successful expeditions against the Vaccaei and Lusitani, and the levying of troops for this campaign.
Reverse: 3 horsmen galloping left (A. Postumius Albus Regillensis); fallen enemy and two standards in front of them; A·(AL)BINVS·S·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Luna in biga right holding goad and reins A·SP(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: TR POT COS II, Concordia seated facing left, holding patera and resting arm on cornucopia; CONCORD in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.86 g
Reverse: TR POT COS II - Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and cornucopiae.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.63 g
Reverse: Victory, holding goad, driving biga right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.75 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 3.86 g
“This variety is believed to be one of the earliest issues of 53/2 based on its consistent presence (though in small numbers) in early hoards where contents included 53/2 examples. It is nearly always found with a loop under the visor, believed to be an attribute of Sicilian origin. There are no symboled siblings for this group.”
Obverse: There is usually a small loop under the visor in front of the forehead. The loop is often discretely represented as a small lump, other times it is clearly a loop.Tufts at the back of the helmet are very small and close together.
Reverse: More so than any other variety in this issue, the horses appear to be rearing up, rather than galloping forward, particularly the far horse, with forelegs farther above the exergue than on other varieties. The legend ROMA is in a trapezoidal frame. Cape style is Flag-like or Waving. There is nearly always a pointed horse's tail visible between the legs. The horses and riders appear rather small and distant, compared to other varieties.
Exceptions: There are rare examples that are clearly of this style but with horses that are galloping broadly forward rather than rearing up."
Provenance: CNG Electronic auction 408 (25 October 2017), lot 368, from the Andrew McCabe Collection. Ex Vecchi 13 (4 September 1998), lot 631.
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; below horses, female head right; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.76 g
Provenance: Naville Numismatics, Auction 42 (22 July 2018), lot 392.
Reverse: Luna in prancing biga right; below, fly and ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.65 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.42 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.36 g
Sibling to the "Spearhead series", RRC 88/2.
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Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 9 H
Weight: 3.98 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; staff below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.28 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, on horseback right; two stars above; corn ear below horses; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: ROMA COS IIII, Roma, helmeted, draped, seated left, on throne, holding Victory and vertical spear
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.9 g
Reverse: TR POT [XIX?] COS IIII, Annona standing left, holding grain ears and resting hand on modius set on prow to right
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.3 g
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Reverse: FELIC SAEC COS IIII, Felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and resting on column
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.09 g
Reverse: TR POT XIIII COS IIII, Tranquilitas standing facing right, holding ship's rudder and corn ears; TRANQ in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.65 g
Obverse: Commander-in-Chief Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus the Pious, Father of the Fatherland
Reverse: Holding the power of the Tribune of the Plebs for the 14th time, Consul for the 4th time, TRANQ is just short for Tranquilitas
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Reverse: CONSECRATIO / Eagle standing right, head left, on altar
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 2.8 g
Posthumous. Struck under Marcus Aurelius
Reverse: Temple of Augustus and Livia; TEMPLVM DIV AVG REST / COS IIII
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.68 g
This issue comemorates reconstruction of the temple of Augustus and Livia by Antoninus.
Reverse: Annona standing left, hand on modius, holding grain ears, modius situated on prow; COS__IIII
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Clementia standing left, holding patera and scepter; CLEMEN_TIA AVG
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm; IMPE_RA_TO_R II
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.2 g
Reverse: hands in handshake grasping winged caduceus and grain ears; TR__P__COS__II
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.46 g
Reverse: hands, in handshake, grasping winged caduceus and grain ears; AVG PIVS P M TR P__COS__II P P
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.83 g
Reverse: Vesta standing left, holding simpulum and Palladium; COS__IIII
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.11 g
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Reverse: COS IIII / Fortuna, draped, standing right, holding rudder, vertical on globe, in right hand and cornucopiae, with tip turned from body, in left
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2.95 g
Reverse: Salus standing front, head to the left, feeding serpent out of patera with right hand, holding rudder atop globe with left hand, serpent rising from altar, text (COS•IIII)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: -
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Reverse: CONSECRATIO, eagle standing right, head left, upon altar
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.05 g
Reverse: TR POT XX COS IIII - Annona, draped, standing right, left foot on prow, holding rudder in right hand and modius in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.74 g
Reverse: CONCORDIA AVG, Concordia, draped, standing right, holding scepter in right hand and cornucopia in left
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.29 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Vesta, veiled, draped, standing facing, head left, holding simpulum in extended right hand and palladium in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.18 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Salus, draped, standing left, holding patera in right hand feeding snake coiled around altar; she holds rudder set on globe in left hand
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.09 g
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, Pyre of four tiers, decorated with hangings and garlands, surmounted by quadriga
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.17 g
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG, Aequitas, draped, standing left, holding scales in lowered right hand and vertical scepter in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.64 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Fortuna, draped, standing facing, head right, holding rudder on globe in right hand and cornucopia in left
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 2.68 g
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, Eagle standing facing right, head left, on altar, decorated with garlands
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.02 g
Reverse: AVG PIVS P M TR P COS II, Pax standing left, holding branch in extended right hand, and cornucopia in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.14 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Clasped hands holding caduceus between two corn-ears
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.06 g
Reverse: CONSECRATIO, Pyre of four tiers, decorated with hangings and garlands, surmounted by quadriga
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.57 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Vesta, veiled, draped, standing left, sacrificing out of patera in right hand over lighted altar and holding palladium at shoulder in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.25 g
Reverse: COS IIII, Vesta, standing left, sacrificing with patera in right hand near altar and holding palladium in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.46 g
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Reverse: COS IIII, Salus, draped, standing left, holding patera in right hand feeding snake coiled around altar; she holds rudder set on globe in left hand
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.24 g
dating from CNG
Reverse: TEMPLVM DIVI AVG REST, Front view of octastyle temple, containing statues of Divus Augustus and Livia; COS IIII in exergue
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.21 g
"The temple of Divus Augustus and Livia, started under Tiberius and consecrated by Caligula, stood on the Capitol in Rome. It was probably renovated under Antoninus Pius." Ex. Roma E-Sale 69 Lot 981 March 16, 2020
Reverse: ANNONA AVG, Modius with corn-ears and poppy
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.22 g
Reverse: ROMA COS IIII: Roma, helmeted, draped, seated left, on throne, holding Victory on right hand and vertical spear in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.83 g
Reverse: Legend: TR POT COS IIII LIB IIII Type: Liberalitas, draped, standing, left, holding coin counter in right hand and cornucopiae in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.11 g
"The occasion of this fourth largesse is recorded by the Ostian fasti for 145 AD: "Annia Faustina was married to Marcus Aurelius. Antoninus Augustus distributed a largesse of 90 denarii per man".. MS" - Harlan J. Berk Ltd. "Liberality is personified by the image of a woman, holding in one hand a tessera, or square tablet, furnished with a handle on which are cut a certain number of holes. These boards were used to quickly count the proper number of coins or other items for distribution to each person. It appears they would be dipped into a container, covered with coins and the excess swept away back into the container. The proper number of coins would fill the holes and then would be dumped out to the recipient. On coins this symbol indicated the prince had given to the people money, corn, and other articles of consumption. In the other hand she holds a cornucopia, to indicate the abundance of wheat contained in the public graineries. Liberalitas is represented as presiding at all congiaria. The liberalities of the Augusti, by which the distribution of their bounties to the people is signified, were of two kinds, ordinary and extraordinary." - Numiswiki
Reverse: TRANQ in exergue, Tranquillitas standing right, holding rudder and grain ears
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 3.65 g
Reverse: Type: Antoninus Pius, bareheaded,in military dress, standing right, left foot set on globe, holding vertical spear reversed in right hand and parazonium upright at shoulder in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.52 g
Reverse: Legend: DIVO PIO Type: Square altar
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.21 g
Reverse: Legend: COS IIII Type: Winged thunderbolt lying horizontal on draped throne
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.21 g
Reverse: TR POT XIX COS IIII, Pax, draped, standing left, holding branch in extended right hand and cornucopiae in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.55 g
Reverse: TR P COS II (Tribunitia Potestas [Tribune of the Plebs], Consul for the 2nd time), Modius with corn-ears and poppy
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.16 g
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Reverse: COS IIII, Antoninus Pius, veiled, draped, standing left, with patera in right hand sacrificing over lighted tripod- altar and holding roll in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.36 g
Ex. HJB Sale 204; Lot 207 (7/18/2018)
Reverse: TEMPLVM DIV AVG REST COS IIII, Octastyle temple, in which are seated statues of Divus Augustus and Livia
Die Orientation: 0 H
Weight: 0 g
The style of the portrait makes it seem to be an imitative. [The temple] "It was restored again in the late 150s by Antonius Pius,[1] who was perhaps motivated by a desire to be publicly associated with the first emperor.[9] The exact date of the restoration is not known, but the restored temple is shown on coins of 158 onwards,[10] which depict it with an octastyle design with Corinthian capitals and two statues – presumably of Augustus and Livia – in the cella. The pediment displayed a relief featuring Augustus and was topped by a quadriga. Two figures stood on the eaves of the roof, that on the left representing Romulus and the one on the right depicting Aeneas leading his family out of Troy, alluding to Rome's origin-myth. The steps of the temple were flanked by two statues of Victory.[11]"
Reverse: COS IIII - Fortuna standing right, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.66 g
Reverse: CONSECRATIO - Four tiered funeral pyre surmounted by quadriga.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.39 g
Reverse: AEQVITAS AVG - Aequitas standing left, holding scales and sceptre.
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.65 g
Reverse: AVG PIVS P M TR P COS DES II, Felicitas, draped, standing left, holding up caduceus in right hand and cornucopia in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.24 g
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Reverse: COS IIII: Vesta, veiled, draped, standing left, holding simpulum lowered in right hand and palladium at shoulder in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.05 g
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Reverse: TR POT XXI COS IIII: Aequitas, standing left, holding scales in right hand and cornucopiae in left
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 3.59 g
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Reverse: COS IIII: Vesta, veiled, draped, standing left, sacrificing out of patera in right hand over lighted altar and holding palladium at shoulder in left
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.64 g
Reverse: victory in triga right holding reins T·(MAL)·A·P CL·Q·(VR)
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Concordia standing left, sacrificing out of patera over lighted altar, holding double cornucopiae, * left; CONCORDIA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.66 g
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Reverse: Apollo Citharoedus of Actium standing facing, head to left, holding plectrum in his right hand and lyre in his left; IMP X in fields; ACT in exergue
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.31 g
The obverse translates to "Augustus, son of the Divine (referring to Julius Caesar)"
IMP X translates to "Commander-in-Chief for the 10th time", and ACT is short for Actium.
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Reverse: Bull butting to the right; IMP•X in exergue
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.18 g
Reverse: comet - The Julian Star; DIVVS - IVLIVS
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Caius Caesar on horseback riding right, holding sword and reins; to left, aquila right between two signa; C•CAESAR / AVGVS•F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.4 g
Reverse: Lucius Caesar and Caius Caesar facing, wearing toga, holding shield on the ground and spear, simpulum and lituus (b9) above; AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT / C L CAESARES
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.61 g
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Reverse: C L CAESARES AVGVSTI F COS DESIG PRINC IVVENT, Gaius and Lucius Caesar standing, each, wearing togas, resting hand on shield and spear, simpulum, right, and lituus, left, flanking, left and right respectively
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: Victory walking left, holding wreath and palm; captive to the left; VICT_O_RI_A AVG / B
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 1.9 g
Reverse: Victory advancing left, holding wreath and palm; bounded captive left, head right; VICT_O_RI_A AVG / R
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 2 g
Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM, Providentia standing facing, head left, holding wand over globe and cornucopia
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.44 g
Reverse: Mars in quadriga right holding trophy and reins, shield, spear C·(AB)(VR)I ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.92 g
Reverse: Diana in a biga of stags to right; with quiver over shoulder and holding sceptre and reins in left hand and torch in right; grasshopper below stags, C•ALLI in exergue; all within laurel wreath.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.88 g
"In Roman mythology, Diana was the goddess of the hunt, the moon and childbirth, associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals. Oak groves were especially sacred to her. She was equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, though she had an independent origin in Italy. In myth, Diana was born with her twin brother Apollo on the island of Delos, daughter of Jupiter and Latona. Diana was known to be the virgin goddess of childbirth and women. She was one of the three maiden goddesses, along with Minerva and Vesta, who swore never to marry."
Provenance: e-Bay sale (November 2017).
Reverse: Diana in biga of stags holding torch and scepter in right hand and reins in left hand; below grasshopper right; C•ALLI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Victory in quadriga right, holding palm branch and reins, Q / L·FABI·L·F·HISP
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.7 g
Reverse: The Dioscuri galloping right; below, puppy right with both fore-feet raised; ROMA in exergue.
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 3.71 g
Reverse: Dioscuri right riding on horses, stars over pilei, each holding spear reins; C·(ANTE)STI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.8 g
Reverse: naked horseman galloping right, holding palm branch and reins dagger? in exergue, C·PISO L F FRVGI
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: Libertas in quadriga right holding pileus, scepter and reins; C·CASSI / ROMA
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.85 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right holding reins in both hands; C·PVLCHER
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4.1 g
Reverse: Victory in biga left CALD G
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Moneyer was consul in 94 BC. In 107 BC, he was elected tribune of the plebs and passed a lex tabellaria, which ordained that in the courts of justice the votes should be given by means of tables in cases of high treason. He was a praetor in 100 or 99 BC, and proconsul of Hispania Citerior the following year. This is represented by standard on the obverse along with emblem of the conquered town Clunia.
Reverse: statue of god seated left between two trophies of arms, all on a high lectisternium with front inscribed L·CALDVS / VII·(VIR)·EP(VL) (Lucius Caldus Septemvir Epulo), C·CALDVS on left, IMP·(AV)·X (Imperator Augur Decemvir) on right, C(ALD)VS III VIR below
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.9 g
Reverse: tetrastyle temple of Venus Erycina on the top of mount Eryx, Porta Collina (place of Sulla's great victory)*, ERVC
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.6 g
Reverse: Distyle temple with two facing statues within; Jupiter, to the left, holding staff, and Libertas, on the right, holding pileus. Above pediment, thunderbolt and pileus. VIII (control mark) in left field; CN•N in right field; C•EGNATIVS•CN•F in exergue.
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 3.98 g
This moneyer, a man of somewhat disreputable character, was admitted into the Roman senate, but was subsequently expelled by the censors. Not much more is known about him.
In Catullus love poetry, Cupid and Venus are constantly paired as the patrons of all sensual love and they have maintained the same symbolism even today for people who no longer worship the gods. The bust of Cupid so prominently placed on the obverse of Egnatius coin, depicted with his cherub-like features and armed with a bow whose arrows only wound one's heart with passion and desire, but never kill, is symbolic of peace and the pleasure it brings.
This issue is the only surviving record of the Temple of Jupiter Libertas. The temple of Libertas was built on the Aventine hill ca 246 B.C by the plebeian aediles Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus and Gaius Fundanius. The money to finance the erection of the temple came from fines. The main contributor was Claudia, the sister of the consul of 249 B.C, Publius Claudius Pulcher. On an occasion when she found it hard to make her way through the crowded streets of Rome she exclaimed that she wished her brother was still alive to lose another fleet for the Romans for that would thin out the population a little. That insensitive comment cost her 25.000 asses.
In the course of time the temple came to be better known as the temple of Jupiter Libertas. The original connection between the two deities may be found in the belief that Libertas was the daughter of Jupiter and Juno. Egnatius depiction of the temple shows its true bipartite nature at that time. It was restored by Augustus as part of his grand renovation of Rome.”
Provenance: Purchased from Moruzzi Numismatica (5 March 2018). Ex Varesi 63 (26 November 2013), lot 46.
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Reverse: Distyle temple with figures of draped Jupiter and Libertas standing facing within; C EGNATIVS CN F below, CN N upwards to right, control numeral (VIII) to left
Die Orientation: 2 H
Weight: 3.96 g
Reverse: Victory in biga right, holding goad and reins; heron right C·FABI·C·F
Die Orientation: -
Weight: 4 g
