The 'Romulus' Collection
The 'Romulus' collection is so named because it was born on the cold and wintry night of 31st October 2015. I therefore decided to name it after the Roman emperor who was inaugurated on the same date in AD 475, although I do not own a single specimen of this obscure emperor! I remember being interested in collecting as a young boy; I especially enjoyed collecting fossils but then became interested in coins when I was given a large collection of British ones mainly dating from 1890 - World War II by my grandparents. Nowadays modern coins do not really interest me. Ancient coins are a completely different ball game however. In my eyes an ancient coin is like a small piece of art, and I love photographing them just as much as I love collecting them. I started on Ebay with a group lot of fairly ugly Gallienus radiates (of which I have kept one for nostalgic value). I have always had a soft spot for Gallienus for this reason, but I quickly got the taste for more and more beautiful specimens. The main bulk of my collection is Roman Imperial, with some Republican coins in there too. In 2016 I acquired a beautiful Ptolemaic bronze, and this sparked my interest in the Hellenic coins of the Ptolemies. I now have a small but beautiful range of silver and bronze denominations of these rulers. Finally, the London mint and coins relating to Roman Britain form a huge part of my collection.
The
(1) Athens
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An AR Tetradrachm struck c. 454-404 BC in Athens
Obverse: Head of Athena right, in crested Attic helmet ornamented with three olive leaves above visor and spiral palmette on bowl, wearing round earring with central boss

Reverse: Owl standing to right with head facing, olive sprig and crescent behind, ΑΘΕ before; all within incuse square

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 17.24 g
No notes for this coin
Kroll 8; Dewing 1591-8; SNG Copenhagen 31
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An AR Tetradrachm struck c. 306-300 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Diademed head of the deified Alexander right, wearing elephant skin headdress; small Δ on aegis

Reverse: Athena Alkidemos advancing to right, brandishing spear and holding shield; AΛEΞANΔPOY to left, ΘE in inner left field, Corinthian helmet above ΔI and eagle on thunderbolt in right field

Diameter: 27 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 15.75 g
Ex. Olav E. Klingenberg Collection (Oslo Myntgalleri AS Auction 21; Lot 298)
CPE 73; Svoronos 177; SNG Lockett 3394 (same obv. die)
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An AR Tetradrachm struck c. 305-282 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Diademed head of Ptolemy I right, wearing aegis around neck; Δ behind head

Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ, eagle with closed wings standing left on thunderbolt; monogram to left

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 14.25 g

Ex Dr. G.W Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 73; Lot 520)

CPE 174; Svoronos 205; SNG Cop 88
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An AR Tetradrachm struck c. 300-285 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Diademed head right, wearing aegis around neck; tiny Δ behind ear

Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ, eagle with closed wings standing to left on thunderbolt; P above monogram to left

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 14.36 g
Ex. Dix Noonan Webb Auction 158; Lot 1190
CPE 168; Svoronos 255; SNG Copenhagen 70
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An AE Hemiobol struck c. 274-271 BC in Tyre
Obverse: Horned head of deified Alexander right, wearing mitra, with long, flowing hair

Reverse: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, eagle standing left on thunderbolt with wings spread; Π above club to left

Diameter: 14 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.69 g
Ex. Italo Vecchi Collection; Ex. Dix Noonan Webb Auction A13 (25.09.2012); Lot 3054; Ex. Stephen Alexander Collection
CPE B328; Svoronos 641; SNG Cop 481
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An AE Triobol struck 246-222 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Diademed and horned head of Zeus-Ammon right

Reverse: ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, eagle standing left on thunderbolt, wings closed; XP monogram between legs, filleted cornucopiae in left field

Diameter: 34 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 35.59 g
No notes for this coin
CPE B396; Svoronos 965; SNG Copenhagen 173-5
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An AE Hemiobol struck c. 246-222 BC in Ioppe
Obverse: Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right

Reverse: ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ, eagle with closed wings standing left on thunderbolt, harpē to left

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 4 g
The mintmark to the left of the eagle on this rare bronze hemiobol of Ptolemy III is a harpē; a type of ancient Greek sword which had a sickle protrusion along one edge near the tip of the blade. Lorber explains that these coins were assigned to Ioppe by Svoronos because the harpē was the weapon of Perseus, who according to myth rescued Andromeda in the harbour of Ioppe. A fun, if slightly irrelevant fact; Ioppe is an ancient port city in Israel that is also known as ‘Jaffa’ and later became famous for it’s delicious oranges. It’s also the name of my cat.
CPE B473; SNG Copenhagen 465 (Ptolemy II)
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An AR Didrachm struck c. 225-214 BC in Rome
Obverse: Laureate janiform head of Janus

Reverse: Jupiter, holding sceptre and brandishing thunderbolt, in quadriga driven to right by Victory; ROMA incuse on tablet below

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 6.57 g
No notes for this coin
Crawford 28/3; RSC 23; Sydenham 64
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An AE Hemidrachm | Triobol struck c. 219 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Diademed and horned head of Zeus-Ammon right

Reverse: ΠΤΟΛΕMAIOY ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ, eagle standing left on thunderbolt; filleted cornucopia to left, ΔI between legs

Diameter: 34 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 36.46 g
Roma Numismatics E-Sale 64; Lot 446; Ex. Photographer’s Collection; Ex. Münzen und Medaillen GmbH (DE) Auction 17; Lot 1100; Acquired in 1970 from Münzen und Medaillen AG (Basel)
CPE B496; Svoronos 1127
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An AE Tetrobol struck 180-170 BC in Alexandria
Obverse: Wreathed head of Isis to right

Reverse: Eagle standing to left on thunderbolt; ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΤΟΛΕΜΑΙΟΥ around, monogram to left

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 16.03 g
No notes for this coin
Svoronos 1384; SNG Copenhagen 279-87
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An AE Hemidrachm | Triobol struck 163-145 BC in Cyrene
Obverse: Diademed head of Zeus-Ammon right

Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ ΠTOΛEMAIOY EYEPΓETOY, eagle standing right on thunderbolt, wings spread; Φ to right

Diameter: 44 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 38.36 g
No notes for this coin
SNG Copenhagen 651; Svoronos 1641
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An AR Tetradrachm struck c. 151-146 BC in Antioch
Obverse: Diademed head right

Reverse: Zeus Nikephoros seated to left, holding sceptre; BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY to right, ΘEOΠATOPOΣ EYEPΓETOY to left, monogram in exergue

Diameter: 30 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 16.8 g

Ex Roma Numismatics Auction XXI (Day 1); Lot 303. Ex Leu Numismatik Auction 7; Lot 1366 and Auction 2; Lot 155

SC 1781q; HGC 9, 875a
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An AR Denarius struck 148 BC in Rome
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right; PITIO downwards behind, X below chin

Reverse: The Dioscuri, each holding spear, riding right; L•SEMP below, ROMA in linear frame in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4.54 g

CNG Feature Auction 114; Lot 554. Ex. Spink Auction 19004 (27.03.2019); Lot 159 (hammer £850). Previously purchased from Baldwin’s on 29th August 1968 (£60).

Crawford 216/1; Sydenham 402; RSC Sempronia 2; Sear 91
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An AR Denarius struck 136 BC in Rome
Obverse: Helmeted head of Roma right, wearing winged helmet, pendant earring and necklace; behind, wreath above star, ROMA below

Reverse: The Dioscuri on horseback rearing in opposing directions, heads facing one another, each holding couched spear; stars above, C•SERVEILI•M•F in exergue

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.04 g
No notes for this coin
Crawford 239/1; RSC Servilia 1; Sear 116
(15) L. Marcius Censorinus
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An AR Denarius struck 82 BC in Rome
Obverse: Laureate head of Apollo right

Reverse: Marsyas standing left, raising hand and holding wineskin over shoulder, beside column to right, surmounted by statue of Minerva(?) standing right; L•CENSOR downward to left

Diameter: 17 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.72 g

Ex Andrew McCabe Collection; Ex Numismatica Ars Classica AG (Auction 106; Lot 407); Ex Elvira Eliza Clain-Stefanelli (1914-2001) Collection.

Crawford 363/1d; RSC Marcia 24; Sear 281
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An AR Denarius Serratus struck 68 BC in Rome
Obverse: Draped bust of Diana right, bow and quiver over shoulder; GETA downwards to left; III•VIR downwards to right

Reverse: Calydonian boar standing right, pierced by spear and harried by hound below; C HOSIDI C F in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.89 g

Ex. Andrew McCabe Collection (CNG Electronic Auction 472; Lot 259); Ex. Numismatica Ars Classica 114 (Part 2; Lot 1326); Ex. Gorny & Mosch 186 (Lot 1798). Notes from Andrew McCabe: "I purchased this coin due to the really exceptional speared boar and dog on the reverse and the very large flan, but later found an example from the collection of Benjamin Nightingale, a well-known 19th century antiquarian. My new coin has a less cute boar, but I had to choose between provenance and art." Andrew's loss is my gain!

Crawford 407/1; RSC Hosidia 2; Sear 347
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An AR Denarius struck 56 BC in Rome
Obverse: Head of Ancus Marcius right, wearing diadem; lituus behind, ANCVS below

Reverse: Aqueduct on which stands equestrian statue, flower at horse’s feet; PHILIPPVS to left, AQVA MAR ligate within arches of aqueduct

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 3 H
Weight: 4.07 g
This denarius was minted in 56 BC by Lucius Marcius Philippus, step-brother of the future Emperor Augustus (who was just seven years old when this coin was minted). The obverse features the bust of Ancus Marcius (the fourth Estruscan king of Rome) whom the Marcia family claimed descent from. The reverse commemorates the building of the Aqua Marcia aqueduct in 144 BC by another ancestor; the consul Quintus Marcius (likely depicted by the equestrian statue on the arches of the aqueduct shown on the reverse of the coin). The moneyer of the coin is therefore honouring two of his illustrious ancestors and their great contribution of the water supply to Rome. In his book Roman Republican Moneyers and their coins Harlan explains that the portrait of Ancus Marcius is not a realistic one, but what the Romans imagined he looked like. His thin diadem is characteristic of the portraits of Hellenistic monarchs and also reinforces his royal nature. Below the arches of the aqueduct on the reverse we see AQUA MAR, with ‘MAR’ ligate within the final arch; a clever technique often used by Roman moneyers to cram as much information into a small space. Interestingly, Pliny described the Aqua Marcia’s waters as the coolest and most rejuvenating of all the aqueducts in Rome, and the whole city regarded the Aqua Marcia as one of the gifts of the gods. Not a bad thing to associate yourself with on a coin...
Crawford 425/1; RSC Marcia 28; Sear 382
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An AR Denarius struck 49-48 BC in Military Mint
Obverse: Elephant advancing right, trampling on serpent; CAESAR in exergue

Reverse: Emblems of the pontificate: simpulum, aspergillum, securis (surmounted by wolf's head), and apex

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 10 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Struck by a military mint travelling with Caesar.
Crawford 443/1; CRI 9; RSC 49; Sear 1399
(19) Caligula
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An AE As struck AD 37-38 in Rome
Obverse: C CAESAR AVG GERMANICVS PON M TR POT, bare head left

Reverse: VESTA, Vesta seated left on ornamental throne, holding patera and sceptre; S-C across field

Diameter: 28 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 10.67 g
Purchased from Morvzzi Numismatica (06/12/2016). Previously acquired from A.N. 64 Studio Numismatica (Venice).
RIC 38; Sear 1803
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An AR Denarius struck AD 69 in Tarraco?
Obverse: A VITELLIVS IMP GERMAN, laureate head left, globe at point of neck; palm before

Reverse: VICTORIA AVGVSTI, Victory flying left, holding round shield inscribed S P/Q R

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.45 g
A wonderful & delicate sculptural portrait of Vitellius, one of my favourite portrait coins. Ex. Naville Numismatics Auction 41; Lot 523; Ex. Jesús Vico Auction 133 (2012); Lot 2327
RIC 36; BMC 94; RSC 101; Sear 2191
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An AE Dupondius struck AD 74 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAESAR VESPASIAN AVG, laureate head right

Reverse: PON MAX TR POT P P COS V CENS, winged caduceus between crossed cornucopiae

Diameter: 28 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 14.2 g
Struck in Rome for use in Syria
RIC² 756; RPC 1982
(22) Domitian
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An AR Denarius struck AD 76/77 in Rome
Obverse: CAESAR AVG F DOMITIANVS, laureate head right

Reverse: COS IIII, Pegasus standing right, front left leg raised

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.47 g
Ex. Michael Kelly Collection of Roman Silver Coins (Spink Auction 18055; Lot 91)
RIC² 921 (Vespasian); RSC 47; Sear 2637
(23) Augustus
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An AE As struck AD 79-81 in Rome
Obverse: DIVVS AVGVSTVS PATER, radiate head of Augustus left; star above head

Reverse: IMP T CAES AVG RESTITVIT S C, eagle standing facing on globe, head right, wings open

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.5 g
A restitution issue by Titus.
RIC (Titus) 462; Sear 2584
(24) Titus
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An AR Denarius struck AD 80 in Rome
Obverse: IMP TITVS CAES VESPASIAN AVG P M, laureate head right

Reverse: TR P IX IMP XV COS VIII P P, elephant, wearing armour, walking left

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.23 g
No notes for this coin
RIC² 115; RSC 303; BMC 43; Sear 2512
(25) Titus
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An AE Sestertius struck AD 80-81 in Rome
Obverse: DIVO AVG VESP, the deified Vespasian seated to right, holding sceptre and Victory in cart drawn by a quadriga of elephants with riders; SPQR in exergue

Reverse: IMP T CAES DIVI VESP F AVG P M TR P P P COS VIII around large S C

Diameter: 32 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 24.59 g
Struck by Titus to commemorate his father; the deified Vespasian. Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 31; Lot 414
RIC (Titus) 257 (same obverse die); Sear 2572
(26) Domitian
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An AR Denarius struck AD 80-81 in Rome
Obverse: CAESAR DIVI F DOMITIANVS COS VII, laureate head right

Reverse: PRINCEPS IVVENTVTIS, crested Corinthian helmet on draped pulvinar

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.53 g
Ex Naville Numismatics Auction 41; Lot 532
RIC² 271 (Titus); BMC 98; RSC 399a; Sear 2677
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An AE Quadrans struck AD 81-161 in Rome
Obverse: Helmeted and cuirassed bust of Mars right

Reverse: Cuirass; S-C across fields

Diameter: 16 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 2.74 g
Attributed to the period Domitian - Antoninus Pius. Previously in the collection of John Casey, British archeologist and author.
RIC 19; Sear 2922
(28) Trajan
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An AR Drachm struck AD 114-116 in Bostra
Obverse: AYTOKP KAIC [NЄP TP]AINѠ APICTѠ CЄB ΓЄPM ΔAK, laureate and cuirassed bust left, with paludamentum, seen from behind

Reverse: ΔHMAPX ЄΞ YΠATO ς, camel walking left

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.78 g
No notes for this coin
RPC III 4080; SNG ANS 1158; Sydenham 205
(29) Hadrian
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An AE Sestertius struck AD 119-120 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAESAR TRAIANVS HADRIANVS AVG P M TR P COS III, laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder

Reverse: MONETA AVGVSTI, Moneta standing left holding scales and cornucopiae

Diameter: 33 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 24.01 g
Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 37; Lot 412
RIC 586c; BMC 1196; Sear 3611
(30) Hadrian
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An AR Denarius struck AD 120-121 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAESAR TRAIAN HADRIANVS AVG, laureate bust right, with drapery over far shoulder

Reverse: P M TR P COS III, Hadrian seated left on platform, writing at desk with pen; behind him attendant standing left, in the background stands statue of Liberalitas holding up coin scoop, to left citizen ascends front steps of platform, holding up fold of toga

Diameter: 17 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.09 g

A rare reverse variant showing four rather than just two participants in the distribution: only one specimen in Reka Devnia hoard. Purchased from Den Of Antiquity on 25/01/2016.

RIC II.3 313; BMCRE 298
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An AR Denarius struck after AD 141 in Rome
Obverse: DIVA FAVSTINA, veiled and draped bust right

Reverse: CONSECRATIO, peacock walking right, head left

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.54 g

Beloved wife of the emperor Antoninus Pius, Annia Galeria Faustina was Augusta for just two years before she died in AD 141. Evidently distraught, Pius had her deified on an extensive series of commemorative coins, unprecedented in it’s scale and duration (at least a decade). In addition to the coinage, a temple was built in her honour in the Roman Forum. The legend on the obverse of this beautiful silver denarius reads ‘Diva Faustina’ and indicates her deification (Diva = ‘Divine’). On the reverse is a peacock; a bird associated to the Romans with the goddess Juno. Together with Jupiter and Minerva, Juno was worshipped in Rome as part of the Capitoline Triad of supreme deities. Goddess of marriage and childbirth, she was the protector and special counsellor of the state, and took a further role in safeguarding the women of Rome. That the peacock is specifically linked to Juno is affirmed in myth by Ovid in his Metamophoses, Book 1, where he relates the story of Jupiter, his lover Io, and his jilted wife Juno. Ovid tells us that after Jupiter was caught by his lover, she was turned into a pure white heifer by his enraged wife and set under the guard of Argus, the hundred-eyed watchman. Sent by Jupiter to free Io, Mercury distracted Argus by playing the pan-pipes and telling stories, eventually slaying the giant and freeing Io. To honour her faithful watchman, Ovid tells us that Juno transferred Argus’ eyes to the tail feathers of the peacock so as to preserve them forever. The peacock’s tail, circular like the vault of heaven when spread and jewelled as with stars, made the bird a natural symbol of the sky to which the dead ascend and hence of apotheosis and immortality. A fitting reverse therefore, to highlight Faustina’s place amongst the divine. Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 74; Lot 914; Ex. Jesus Vico S.A. (2 March 1989); Lot 143.

RIC 384b (Pius); RSC 176; BMCRE 476
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An AR Denarius struck AD 161 in Rome
Obverse: IMP L AVREL VERVS AVG, bare head right.

Reverse: PROV DEOR TR P COS II, Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopiae.

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 8 H
Weight: 3.32 g
Rome was to be ruled by two emperors for the first time upon the accession of both Marcus Aurelius and Lucus Verus in AD 161, and coins were struck in the name of both emperors. The portrait on this coin is stunning, the detail in every lock of hair clear to see. Providentia ('foresight') stands on the reverse holding a globe and horn of plenty. Verus died in early 169, leaving Aurelius to rule alone. His body was buried in Hadrian's mausoleum in Rome.
RIC 463 (Aurelius); RSC 144; BMCRE 35; Sear 5354 Var
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An AR Denarius struck AD 147-176 in Rome
Obverse: FAUSTINAE AVG PII AVG FIL, draped bust right

Reverse: VENVS, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple and rudder

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 4 H
Weight: 3.28 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 515a (Pius); RSC 261
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An AR Denarius struck AD 176-180 in Rome
Obverse: DIVA FAVSTINA PIA, draped bust right

Reverse: CONSECRATIO, peacock standing right

Diameter: 17 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.99 g

Ex Leu Numismatik Web Auction 15; Lot 1833

RIC 744 (Aurelius); BMC 714; RSC 71
(35) Geta
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An AR Denarius struck AD 200 in Rome
Obverse: P SEPT GETA CAES PONT, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VICT AETERN, Victory hovering left, holding open wreath with both hands over shield set on base

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.77 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 23; BMC 200; RSC 206; Sear 7205
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An AR Denarius struck AD 200-201 in Rome
Obverse: SEVERVS AVG PART MAX, laureate head right

Reverse: RESTITVTOR VRBIS, Severus in military dress, standing left, sacrificing with patera over tripod, holding spear

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.1 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 167a; BMCRE 202; RSC 599; Sear 6357
(37) Geta
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An AR Denarius struck AD 208-209 in Rome
Obverse: P SEPTIMIVS GETA CAES, draped bust right

Reverse: PONTIF COS II, Genius standing left, holding corn ears and sacrificing from patera over lighted and garlanded altar to left

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.16 g

Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1159)

RIC 59a; BMCRE 584; RSC 114a; Sear 7187
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An AR Denarius struck AD 209 in Rome
Obverse: SEVERVS PIVS AVG, laureate head right

Reverse: P M TR P XVII COS III P P, river god (Tyne?) reclining right, holding shell and rudder; seahorse at feet

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 3.17 g
This rare coin has a special place in my collection, since the figure on the reverse has been said by some scholars to be the personification of the river Tyne in Northumberland, England - where I grew up. Although other sources, including RIC, identify the figure as a sea-god (Oceanus/Triton) it is suggested in RSC that: “The river-god on the reverse could easily be the Tyne in Northern Britain. Severus was on the Northern frontier in AD 209, when the coin was struck, and was engaged in repairing the wall. The fort of Arbeia (South Shields), on the south bank of the Tyne, was the supply depot for the Scottish campaigns of Severus, which commenced in 209”. Sear explains that some of the disagreement is based on there being a sea-horse and shell near the figure, which are more suitable for a sea-god. However, there may be an explanation: “During Severus’ punitive operations in Scotland, Arbeia was converted into a vast provisions base for his invasion force, the supplies coming in directly from the Northern sea instead of overland. It would thus have been entirely appropriate at this time for the river-god (Tyne) on this coin to have attributes suitable to both a river god and Oceanus”. Either way, it’s a fantastic coin and i’m very pleased to have it in my collection!
RIC 229; RSC 530; BMC 357; Sear 6347
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 215 in Rome
Obverse: ANTONINVS PIVS AVG GERM, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind

Reverse: P M TR P XVIII COS IIII P P, radiate lion, walking left with thunderbolt in its jaws

Diameter: 23 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 4.98 g
I love ancient coins almost as much as I love cats. So for me, any ancient coin that portrays a cat is a winner. And so it is with this outstanding coin minted under the rule of Caracalla, who was infamous for his cruelty, not to mention murdering his own brother. The lion on the reverse of this coin is of particularly wonderful style, with the musculature and even the individual ribs clearly visible. The lion is often associated with Egypt and the East in Roman imagery. At the time of striking, Caracalla had just left Alexandria and was deeply engaged in planning war with the Parthian Empire. Here the lion also sports a radiate crown, symbol of the sun god Sol. Contemporary engraved gems from Egypt also depict a lion-headed god with a radiate crown, suggesting a syncretic merging of solar worship with other eastern cults that would achieve full fruition in the quasi-monotheistic cult of Sol Invictus advanced by the emperor Aurelian (AD 270-275). Ex. Spink Auction 18055; Lot 517; Ex. Michael Kelly Collection of Roman Silver Coins (Roma E-Sale 57; Lot 965).
RIC 273 var; BMCRE 150 var; RSC 322 var; Sear 6774
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An AR Denarius struck AD 215-217 in Rome
Obverse: IVLIA PIA FELIX AVG, draped bust right

Reverse: LVNA LVCIFERA, Luna, with fold of drapery floating around and above her, driving biga to left

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 2.84 g
Julia Domna, wife of Emperor Septimius Severus, was associated with Luna Lucifera, "the light-bearing Moon", while Severus associated himself with Sol, god of the Sun. The concept of identifying themselves with Sun and Moon speaks of the eternal nature of the imperial house. On the reverse of this wonderful coin, struck during the reign of her son Caracalla, we see Luna driving a two-horse chariot (a “biga”), whilst her cloak bellows in the wind around her.
RIC 379c (Caracalla); RSC 105; Sear 7101
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 218-219 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAES M AVR ANTONINVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: MARS VICTOR, Mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.44 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 122; RSC 113; Sear 7491
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An AR Denarius | Denarius Serratus struck AD 222 in Rome
Obverse: IVLIA MAMAEA AVG, draped bust right

Reverse: IVNO CONSERVATRIX, diademed and veiled figure of Juno standing left, holding patera and sceptre; at her feet, peacock

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.79 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 343 (Alexander); RSC 35; Sear 8212
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An AR Denarius struck AD 227 in Rome
Obverse: IMP C M AVR SEV ALEXAND AVG, laureate, draped bust right

Reverse: P M TR P VI COS II P P, Mars walking right carrying spear and trophy

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 2.79 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 61; RSC 305
(44) Balbinus
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 238 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAES D CAEL BALBINVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PIETAS MVTVA AVGG, clasped hands

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.75 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 12; RSC 17
(45) Pupienus
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 238 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAES PVPIEN MAXIMVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: CARITAS MVTVA AVGG, clasped hands

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 5.42 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 10b; RSC 3; Sear 8520
(46) Philip I
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An AE Sestertius struck AD 244 in Rome
Obverse: IMP M IVL PHILIPPVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: LAET FVNDATA, Laetitia standing left, holding wreath and rudder set on globe

Diameter: 29 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 18.45 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 175a; Sear 8997
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An AE Pentassarion struck AD 247-249 in Marcianopolis
Obverse: M IOVΛIOC ΦIΛIΠΠOC KAICAP, bare-headed, draped and cuirassed bust of Philip right, facing draped bust of Serapis left, wearing kalathos

Reverse: MAPKIANOΠOΛEITΩN, bearded serpent coiled left; E (mark of value) to right

Diameter: 27 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 12.42 g
The serpent seen on the reverse of this bronze pentassarion from Marcianopolis (now Devnya, in Bulgaria) is a snake god known as ‘Glykon’. A cult that worshipped the snake god was introduced by the Greek prophet, Alexander of Abonutichus, in the mid-second century AD. The contemporary writings of Greek satirist Lucian of Samosata (c. AD 120-190) were extremely hostile, and comical, on the subject of Alexander and his snake cult. In his essay titled "Alexander the Oracle Monger" Lucian describes the protagonist as a false prophet and explains that the cult is a hoax with the Glykon god being nothing more than a hand-puppet! The cult itself was real enough, and an impressive and beautiful marble statue of the Glykon was discovered in 1962 in Constanta, Romania. The statue dates from the 2nd century and is currently the only cult statue of the deity known throughout the Roman Empire. The snake had some human features, such as hair and ears, and on this coin we can see that the snake has been given a beard. The cult may have originated in Macedonia, and spread beyond the Aegean by the mid second century AD. As with other snake cults, the focus of worship at the temple was fertility. Women would bring offerings to Glykon to increase their chances of becoming pregnant. According to Lucian, Alexander also had more ‘conventional’ methods of ensuring the Glykon worshippers became pregnant....
Varbanov 2102
(48) Philip I
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 248 in Rome
Obverse: IMP PHILIPPVS AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: SAECVLARES AVGG, lion walking right; I in exergue

Diameter: 23 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 4 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 12; RSC 173; Sear 8956
(49) Decius
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An AE Semis struck AD 249-250 in Rome
Obverse: IMP C M Q TRAIANVS DECIVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: Mars standing left, holding shield and spear; S C across field

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 2.39 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 128; Sear 9433
(50) Aemilian
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 253 in Rome
Obverse: IMP CAES AEMILIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PACI AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and transverse sceptre, with legs crossed, leaning on column

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.79 g
This is the only example of this rarer group II issue on CoinArchives.
RIC 19
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An BL Antoninianus struck AD 258 in Mediolanum
Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate and draped bust right

Reverse: COHH PRAET VI P VI F, radiate lion advancing right

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 2.9 g

Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 77; Lot 1222. Ex. Tony Hardy Collection (CNG Electronic Auction 116; Lot 314)

RIC V.1 (joint reign) 370; MIR 36; RSC 105; Sear 10186
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An AE Antoninianus struck AD 267-268 in Rome
Obverse: GALLIENVS AVG, radiate head right

Reverse: NEPTVNO CONS AVG, hippocamp right; N in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.52 g

Purchased from Mike Vosper on 07/06/2016

RIC 245; RSC 667; Sear 10292
(53) Postumus
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 268 in Colonia Agrippinensis
Obverse: IMP C POSTVMVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: P M TR P VIIII COS IIII P P, bow, club and Skythian quiver

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 3.38 g
This was a turbulent time for the Roman empire. Following a succession of stop-gap emperors, the empire was beginning to fall apart and a breakaway state in the west, the so called “Gallic Empire” was formed. It included the German, Gallic , Spanish and British provinces and lasted for almost fifteen years. That it was able to endure for this length of time is a testament to the temporary weakness of the central government in Rome brought on by successive military catastrophies and failed economic policies of the preceding decades. It’s first emperor was Marcus Latinius Cassianius Postumus. Whilst Gallienus, ruling from Rome, debased the coinage to the extent that it’s silver content was negligible, Postumus maintained a higher standard of silver content in the coinage issued from his mint in Cologne. Furthermore, the portrait quality of his coins were frequently superb (although he does look a little like Santa Claus wearing a crown, doesn’t he?) and the reverse types interesting. This particular coin type, with the reverse depicting a bow, club and Skythian quiver, is rare - particularly in this state of preservation. Even rarer is a version of the coin depicting Postumus as Hercules, facing left and wearing a lion skin over his shoulder. A beautfiful specimen hammered at UK auction for £8,000 in 2020.
RIC 291; Cunetio 2447; Sear 10975
(54) Marius
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An AE Antoninianus struck AD 269 in Colonia Agrippinensis
Obverse: IMP C M AVR MARIVS AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VICTORIA AVG, Victory standing left, holding wreath and palm

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.99 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 17; Sear 11123
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An AE Antoninianus struck AD 270-271 in Treveri
Obverse: IMP C VICTORINVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PROVIDENTIA AVG, Providentia standing left, holding rod and cornucopiae, globe at feet

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 2.11 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 61; C 101; Hunter 29; Sear 11178
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An AE Antoninianus struck AD 276 in Lugdunum
Obverse: IMP C M AN FLORIANVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: AETERNITAS AVG, Aeternitas standing left, holding globe and rudder; IIII in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.87 g
The head on the figure of Aeternitas appears to be animal-like, whether this is by accident or deliberate is up for debate! Some have suggested it may reflect the personal religious standing of the engraver (perhaps it is Roman-Egyptian hybrid; some have suggested the head looks remarkably like Anubis). A week before I bought the coin the following discussion appeared online: https://www.cointalk.com/threads/fascinating.314418/ Whatever the story behind it, there are few, if any, coins of Florian like this one out there.
RIC V 2; Hunter 9; Sear 11847
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An AR Antoninianus struck AD 286-293 in Camulodunum
Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: LAETIT AVG, Laetitia standing facing, head left, holding wreath and anchor; C in exergue

Diameter: 24 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.53 g

Leu notes that this interesting coin is struck in good silver, which is very unusual for the radiates of Carausius; typically they are of a much baser metal. They suggest that it may have functioned as a trial strike for the very rare denarii from the ‘C’ mint.

RIC 250
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An BL Antoninianus struck AD 287-288 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PAX AVG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and vertical sceptre; F-O across fields, ML in exergue

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 5.07 g

Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1329; Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection; Ex. British Museum Collection (duplicate; exchanged for an antoninianus of Gallienus in 1969); Ex. Linchmere Hoard (1925)

RIC 101; Webb 131; Sear 13639A; S 672A
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An BL Antoninianus struck AD 287-290 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: ADVENTVS AVG, emperor on horseback riding left, with right hand raised and holding sceptre, trampling captive seated left below hoof

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.51 g
This coin cited in P.H. Webb, The Reign and Coinage of Carausius (London, 1908); This coin cited in H. Mattingly & E.A. Sydenham (ed.’s), The Roman Imperial Coinage Vol V, Part II (London, 1933); Ex. Roma Numismatics Auction XX; Lot 661; Ex. Richard Cyril Lockett Collection (Glendining & Co., 6-9 June 1955; Lot 175); Ex. Percy H. Webb Collection
RIC 732 (this coin cited); Webb 821 (this coin)
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An BL Antoninianus struck AD 287-288 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: LEG IIXX PRIMIG, Capricorn left; ML in exergue

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Sam Moorhead has confirmed that there are less than 30 known examples of this rare type. Unusually, whilst the legend reads 'LEG IIXX' the legion referred to here is actually Legio XXII. Typically in poor condition, this one has one of the nicest Capricorns i've seen on these coins. It was discovered in Stevenage, Hertfordshire. According to Sear, Legio XXII Primigenia was probably raised by Caligula in AD 39 for his projected German campaign. It had several different stations during Julio-Claudian and Flavian times but from the reign of Domitian it was based in Mainz. There may have been a detachment serving in Britain at the time of Carausius’ revolt. (Roman Coins and their Values IV, David R Sear).
RIC 80; Webb 107; Sear 13618
(61) Maximian
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An AE Antoninianus struck c. AD 291-292 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PAX AVGGG, Pax standing left, holding olive branch and sceptre; S-P across fields, MLXXI in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.78 g
This type was issued by the British usurper Carausius who was trying to be a legitimate colleague of Diocletian and Maximian in the gorvernment of the Empire. Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1417)
RIC 34; Webb 1253; Sear 13158
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An BL Antoninianus struck AD 291-293 in Camulodunum
Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P AVG, radiate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PROVIDE AV, Providentia standing left, holding spear and cornucopiae; C in exergue

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.82 g
One of several coins purchased from the North Yorkshire Moors Collection formed by Marvin Lessen (Dix Noonan Webb; 25/04/18; Lot 74). Bt J. Linzalone February 1992. Extremely rare and unlisted in the standard references.
RIC - ; Sear -
(63) Allectus
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An AE Antoninianus struck AD 293-296 in Camulodunum
Obverse: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG, radiate draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PROVID AVG, Providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia; S-P across fields, C in exergue

Diameter: 24 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.19 g
CNG eAuction 468 (20.05.2020); Lot 560. Ex. Benito Collection; purchased in 2010 from CNG coin shop (Inventory ID 803623; sold for $895)
RIC 94; Burnett 160; Webb 150; Sear 13834
(64) Allectus
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An BL Quinarius struck AD 295-296 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG, radiate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VIRTVS AVG, galley left, with mast and five oars; QL in exergue

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.58 g

Roma Numismatics Auction XIX; Lot 910, Ex. Frank Reinhardt Collection; Bt. Marc Walter Ancient Coins, 2017; Ex. H.D. Rauch Auction 102 (2016); Lot 513, Ex. Bankhaus Aufhäuser Auktion 11 (1995); Lot 420

RIC 55; Burnett 111; Sear 13870; S 691
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 296-297 in Londinium
Obverse: FL VAL CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.23 g
No notes for this coin
CT 1.03.009 (2); RIC 30; Sear cf. 14034; S 706
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An BL Nummus struck c. AD 296-303 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right, ornamented with wreath on breastplate

Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.85 g
A rarer bust type with the elaborate wreath on the breastplate. For another example see CNG e-auction 419; lot 394. Ex. Z.P. Collection (Austria)
CT 2.01.003 (15); RIC VI 6a; S 696
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 296-303 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and corncopiae

Diameter: 29 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 10.38 g

A very unusual style of bust on this wonderful medallic coin from the London mint. After consulting with Lee Toone i'm going with CT 2.01.003 (8), but there are so many subtle variations in style during this period. "A fine example of this coarser style probably engraved by an Allectan engraver learning how to adapt to the larger canvas of the new (for Britannia) nummi" (Lee Toone - 20.07.20). Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1394)

CT 2.01.003 (8); RIC 6a & 16a; S 696
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 296-303 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.14 g
No notes for this coin
CT 2.01.003 (10); RIC 6a & 16A; cf. Sear 12760; S 696
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 303-305 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTIVS NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 29 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 10.09 g
No notes for this coin
CT 3.01.024; RIC 37a
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 303-5 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind

Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 27 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.31 g
This is a rarer bust type for Diocletian. Also, the pellet between the feet on the Genius does not appear to be a common feature on these earlier coins. I contacted Lee Toone and he has said that it is probably a guide mark for engravers but may be something else.
CT 3.01.003; RIC 10/24 cor.
(71) Galerius
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 305 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C MAXIMIANVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPV-LI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae

Diameter: 29 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 9.57 g
No notes for this coin
CT 4.03.004; RIC 42
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An AE Nummus struck AD 305-307 in Londinium
Obverse: D N DIOCLETIANO FELICISSIMO SEN AVG, laureate bust right, wearing imperial mantle and holding olive-branch and mappa

Reverse: PROVIDENTIA DEORVM QVIES AVGG, Providentia standing right, extending right hand to Quies who stands to left holding branch and sceptre

Diameter: 29 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 11.02 g
Ex Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1407)
RIC 77a; CT 4.01.002; Sear 12926; S 697
(73) Maximinus II
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An AE Follis struck AD 305-306 in Londinium
Obverse: MAXIMINVS NOBILI CAES, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, naked Genius standing left, modius on head, holding patera and cornucopiӕ

Diameter: 30 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 8.07 g
A great portrait and an interesting double-struck reverse
RIC 65
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An AE Follis struck AD 307-310 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, Laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PRINCIPI IVVENTVTIS, Constantine standing facing, head left, in military dress, holding signum in each hand; PLN in exergue

Diameter: 27 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 7.19 g
No notes for this coin
CT 5.04.011; RIC 111; Sear 16017
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An AE Follis struck AD 307-310 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: MARTI PATRI PROPVG, Mars advancing right, holding transverse spear and shield

Diameter: 28 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 6.86 g
Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1516)
CT 5.04.008; RIC 108; Sear 16007
(76) Maximinus II
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An AE Follis struck AD 308 in Antioch
Obverse: GAL VAL MAXIMINVS NOB CAES, laureate head right

Reverse: VIRTS EX-ERCITVS, Virtus advancing right, holding transverse spear and trophy over shoulder, shield on left arm; S in right field, ANT in exergue

Diameter: 25 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 7.42 g
This coin has an unusual reverse legend ‘VIRTS EXERCITVS’ instead of the usual ‘VIRTVS EXERCITVS’ expected for it's type. There does not appear to be a space for the missing ‘V’ in the legend, and likely is a result of minting error. The coin itself was bought as part of a group lot that included 3 Roman glass flasks, a small amphora and a terracotta oil lamp. They were supposedly all found in the same location in Israel, although I cannot validate this.
Sear Cf. 14781; RIC 86 Var.
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An AE Follis struck AD 308-310 in Thessalonica
Obverse: GAL VALERIA AVG, diademed bust right, wearing embroidered robe and necklace

Reverse: VENERI VICTRICI, Venus standing facing, head left, holding apple and raising drapery over shoulder; star in left field, Δ in right field, •SM•TS• in exergue

Diameter: 26 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 7.63 g
A beautiful and elegant portrait of this later empress
RIC VI Thessalonica 36; Sear 14592
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 311-312 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: PRINCIPI IV-VENTVTIS, Prince standing left, cloak hanging from left shoulder, right hand holding globe, left reversed spear; star in right field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 4.8 g
No notes for this coin
CT 7.07.003; RIC 222; Sear 16020
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An AE Follis struck c. AD 311-312 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: ADVEN-TVS AVG, emperor, with right hand raised, holding spear over shoulder with left, on horse pawing seated captive to left; star in right field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 4.69 g
Ex. Roma Numismatics Auction XIII; Lot 1263. Ex. Paul Munro-Walker collection.
CT 7.01.003; RIC 133; Sear 15860; S 721
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An AE Follis struck c.AD 311-312 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS P F AVG, laureate, helmeted and cuirassed bust left, holding spear and shield

Reverse: COMITI AVGG NN, Sol standing left, chlamys falling from left shoulder, right hand holding up globe, left whip; star in right field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 23 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 4.12 g
Ex. Roma Numismatics Auction XIII; Lot 1266 Ex. Paul Munro-Walker collection
CT 7.03.016; RIC 165
(81) Licinius
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An BL Follis struck c. AD 311-31 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP LICINIVS P F AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GENIO POU ROM, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; star in right field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 23 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 3.87 g
Lee Toone, author of ‘The London Mint of Constantius & Constantine’ has pointed out to me that this coin has an interesting orthographical error on the reverse and reads 'POU' rather than 'POP'. He had not seen an error like this before and suggests that it seems like a punch for a C/G being used on its side.
CT 7.05.006; RIC 209c; S 717; Sear 15182
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An AE Nummus struck AD 312-313 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate, helmeted, draped and cuirassed bust left, right hand holding spear forward and shield on left arm

Reverse: SECVRITAS AVGG, Securitas standing facing, head left, legs crossed, with right hand on head and left arm leaning on column; star in left field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.61 g

Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 69; Lot 1204. This coin was part of a hoard of 3,442 coins discovered on the 22nd March 1970 by a detectorist just south of the village of Bourton-on-the-Water in Gloucestershire, England. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of a Roman settlement nearby; the village was located on a major Roman road, the Fosse way linking Cirencester to Leicester, and would have been an ideal location for a posting station. The main hoard, containing 2,707 coins, was found in a field adjoining the Fosse Way and hidden 45cm below ground level. It was beneath flat stones and in a spherical mass that suggested their owner had buried them inside a bag. A further 735 coins were found scattered in the vicinity. The hoard consisted mainly of coins of Constantine I, and over half of the coins in the hoard (1,882) were struck at the London mint. The coin types present suggest that the hoard was assembled early in the reign of Constantine I, sometime between AD 317 and 319. This particular coin is rare, and the only one of it’s type in the BoW hoard. For another example, struck from the same dies, see CNG Mail Bid Sale 75; Lot 1139.

CT 7.13.004; RIC 278 cor. (bust type); Sear 16040 (note)
(83) Constantine I
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An BL Nummus struck AD 313-314 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: MARTI CONSERVATORI, Mars standing right, holding spear and shield; star in left field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.33 g
No notes for this coin
CT 8.01.005; RIC 253
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An AE Nummus struck c. AD 314 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS P AVG, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: SOLI INVICTO COMITI, Sol standing left with chlamys across left shoulder, right hand raised, left hand holding globe; S in left field, F in right field, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.83 g
This coin was part of a hoard of 3,442 coins discovered on the 22nd March 1970 by a detectorist just south of the village of Bourton-on-the-Water in Gloucestershire, England. Archaeological evidence indicates the presence of a Roman settlement nearby; the village was located on a major Roman road, the Fosse way linking Cirencester to Leicester, and would have been an ideal location for a posting station. The main hoard, containing 2,707 coins, was found in a field adjoining the Fosse Way and hidden 45cm below ground level. It was beneath flat stones and in a spherical mass that suggested their owner had buried them inside a bag. A further 735 coins were found scattered in the vicinity. The hoard consisted mainly of coins of Constantine I, and over half of the coins in the hoard (1,882) were struck at the London mint. The coin types present suggest that the hoard was assembled early in the reign of Constantine I, sometime between AD 317 and 319. This particular coin was one of 19 examples of the type in the hoard, and is in a far better state of preservation than the majority of the coins discovered.
RIC 8; CT 8.02.013; Sear 16050
(85) Crispus
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An AE Nummus struck AD 317 in Londinium
Obverse: CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: SOLI INVIC-TO COMITI, Sol standing left, chlamys across left shoulder, right hand raised, left hand holding up globe; S-P across fields, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.32 g
This coin was purchased directly from Lee Toone, author of LMCC, and is one of the plate coins from his book. He informed me that the coin originally came from a large French hoard.
CT 8.09.021 (this coin); RIC 116; Sear 16718
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An AE Nummus struck AD 319-320 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP CONSTANTINVS AG, cuirassed bust left, wearing high-crested helmet and holding spear over right shoulder

Reverse: VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINC PERP, two Victories standing facing each other, holding between them shield, inscribed VOT PR in two lines, resting on altar ornamented with diamond pattern; five dots within, PLN in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.47 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 159; Sear 16296
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An BL Nummus struck c. AD 320 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, radiate, trabeate and cuirassed bust left

Reverse: VIRTVS EXERCIT, standard inscribed VOT XX with captive seated on ground to either side; PLN in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.25 g

Ex. Brian Henry Grover Collection (Roma Numismatics E-Sale 72; Lot 1612)

CT 9.02.010; RIC 197 cor. (obv. bust)
(88) Crispus
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An BL Nummus struck AD 322 in Treveri
Obverse: IVL CRISPVS NOB CAES, laureate and cuirassed bust to left, holding spear and shield decorated with Medusa’s head

Reverse: BEATA TRANQVILLITAS, globe on altar inscribed VOTIS XX; three stars above; PTR• in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 2.71 g

A very rare and fine example of this bust type with the Medusa shield decoration. Ex. Roma Numismatics E-Sale 77; Lot 1381

RIC VII 347
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An AE Nummus struck c. AD 321-323 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTAN-TINVS AVG, laureate and trabeate bust right, holding eagle-tipped sceptre

Reverse: BEAT TRA-NQLITAS, globe set upon altar inscribed VOT/IS/XX; three stars above, PLON in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 2.96 g
No notes for this coin
CT 9.05.008; RIC 267; Sear 16170
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An AE Nummus struck AD 322-323 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN N C, helmeted and cuirassed bust left

Reverse: BEAT TRANQLITAS, globe on altar inscribed VOTIS XX in three lines; three stars above, PLON in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 3.82 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 287; Sear 17149
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An BL Nummus struck c. AD 325 in Londinium
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind

Reverse: PROVIDENTIAE CAESS, camp gate with two turrets; star above, pellet in doorway, PLON in exergue

Diameter: 20 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.99 g
No notes for this coin
CT 10.02.004 (2); RIC VII 296; Sear 17214; S 738A
(92) Helena
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An AE Nummus struck AD 326-328 in Thessalonica
Obverse: FL HELENA AVGVSTA, diademed and mantled bust right, wearing necklace

Reverse: SECVRITAS REIPVBLICE, Securitas standing left, lowering branch and raising robe with right hand; SMTSΓ in exergue

Diameter: 19 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 3.35 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 159 (Constantine I); Sear 16612
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An AE Nummus struck AD 330-333 in Constantinople
Obverse: CONSTANTINVS IVN NOB C, laureate and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: GLOR-IA EXERC-ITVS, Two soldiers standing facing each other, each resting on spear and shield, two standards between them; CONSΓ in exergue

Diameter: 17 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 2.4 g
No notes for this coin
RIC 60; Sear 17338
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An AE Half-Follis struck AD 337-340 in Antioch
Obverse: DV CONSTANTINVS PT AVGG, veiled head right

Reverse: Constantine driving galloping quadriga heavenward, holding reins with left hand and raising right hand upwards to grasp Manus Dei, which reaches down from above; star in upper left field, SMANE in exergue

Diameter: 15 mm
Die Orientation: 5 H
Weight: 1.73 g
Struck under Constantius II
RIC 37; Sear 17488
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An AE Centenionalis struck AD 352 in Treveri
Obverse: D N MAGNENTIVS P F AVG, draped and cuirassed bust right; A behind

Reverse: VICTORIAE DD NN AVG ET CAES, two Victories holding wreath inscribed VOT V MVLT X in four lines; TRP in exergue

Diameter: 22 mm
Die Orientation: 11 H
Weight: 4.9 g
In terms of double chins, this is probably the best in my collection. Ebay auction (Den of Antiquity; 11.07.16). A bargain at £23!
RIC 312; Sear 18825
(96) Gratian
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An AR Siliqua struck AD 378-383 in Treveri
Obverse: D N GRATIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VRBS ROMA, Roma seated left on cuirass, holding Victory on globe and resting on reverse spear

Diameter: 18 mm
Die Orientation: 6 H
Weight: 1.93 g
Gratian was just seven years old when his father, Valentinian I, made him co-emperor of the western Roman empire. Following the sudden death of his father, Gratian, now sixteen, found himself solely in charge. He was an early supporter of Christianity and did his best to stamp out old Pagan traditions wherever possible. This beautiful siliqua was minted in Augusta Treverorum (modern day Trier in Germany), which was operational from around AD 291. On the reverse, under the figure of Roma, we can see the mintmark TR for Trier. This is followed by PS, for pusulatum, and indicates that the metal is refined silver. Over time the coin has toned and developed a stunning rainbow-like iridescence. Ex. Naville Numismatics, Auction 32; Lot 584
RIC 64a; C 87; Sear 19966
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An AU Solidus struck AD 389-391 in Treveri
Obverse: D N VALENTINIANVS P F AVG, pearl-diademed, draped and cuirassed bust right

Reverse: VICTORIA AVGG, Valentinian II and Theodosius seated facing on throne, holding globe between them; palm between legs, figure of Victory with wings spread above; T-R across fields, COM in exergue

Diameter: 21 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 4.45 g
The first gold coin in my collection, and also the first coin I purchased by attending an auction in person!
RIC 90a; Depeyrot 53/1
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An AR Tetradrachm struck 147/6 BC in Sidon
Obverse: Diademed head right

Reverse: BAΣIΛEΩΣ AΛEΞANΔPOY, eagle with closed wings standing left, palm frond behind; ςΞP in left field, ΣΙΔΩ above aphlaston in right field

Diameter: 28 mm
Die Orientation: 1 H
Weight: 14.21 g

Ex Roma Numismatics Auction XXI (Day 1); Lot 304. Ex Kleinkunst Collection (Leu Numismatik Auction 6; Lot 276). Ex Dr. Busso Peus Nachfolger Auction 328 (2-4 May 1990); Lot 258.

SC 1830.5; HGC 9, 882
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An AE Sestertius struck AD 244-249 in Rome
Obverse: MARCIA OTACIL SEVERA AVG, diademed and draped bust to right

Reverse: CONCORDIA AVGG, Concordia seated to left, holding patera and double cornucopiae; SC in exergue

Diameter: 30 mm
Die Orientation: 12 H
Weight: 20.19 g
No notes for this coin
RIC IV 203a (Philip 1)
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An BL Nummus struck c. AD 296 in Londinium
Obverse: IMP C DIOCLETIANVS P F AVG, laureate bust right

Reverse: GENIO POPVLI ROMANI, Genius standing left, holding patera and cornucopiae; LON in exergue

Diameter: 28 mm
Die Orientation: 7 H
Weight: 9.79 g

This coin came from the ‘Rauceby hoard’ that was uncovered on 9th July 2017 by two metal detectorists in Lincolnshire, UK. Interestingly, the pot that the coins were found in was buried in the centre of a large oval pit that had been lined with quarried limestone. The pot appeared to have been carefully placed onto the limestone base, and then packed all around with additional pieces of limestone all the way to the top of the pit. The Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) in Lincolnshire at the time (Dr Adam Daubney) has described this as being evidence of so-called ‘ritual’ hoarding, where the coins were used as part of a ceremonial or votive offering. The majority of the coins in the hoard cover the rule of the first tetrarchy of Diocletian/Maximian as Augusti and Constantius/Galerius as Caesars. The hoard ends with the second and third tetrarchies and does not contain any coins of Constantine I issued after he was elevated to the rank of Augustus in December 307. Therefore this would date the burial of the hoard to around AD 307. There are similarities between the Rauceby hoard and the Wold Newton hoard that was discovered near York and was deposited at a similar time. It has been said that both hoards could possibly be tied to the ascension of Constantine as Emperor in York around 307. The British Museum catalogued the coins and disclaimed 2,734 of these in January 2020. This coin was one of 14 LON coins in the hoard (of which the British Museum kept three) and one of five Diocletian LON coins. It weighed 10.77g prior to being cleaned. It is hoped that the British Museum will publish a catalogue of the coins in the near future. For further details & images of the hoard in situ go to: http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/55136

CT 1.01.001; RIC VI 1a; Ex Rauceby Hoard, Lincolnshire (9th July 2017); PAS ref: LIN-F6D516, BM ref: 2017 T649